NSG552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
1. What are the 6 Safety
general Tolerability
principles of Eflcacy
psychopharmaco- Practicality
logical Treatment accessibility
treatment? Treatment compliance
2. Pharmacokinet- How the drug moves in the body. (ex. Where is it absorbed? How and where is it
ics metabolized? Where is it excreted?)
3. Pharmacodynam- What the drug does to the body. (consider mechanism of action)
ics
4. Define First-gen- sia
eration antipsy-
chotics
5. Define
Second-genera-
tion
antipsychotics
6. Extra Pyramidal
Symptoms (EPS)
7. Tardive dyskine-
,Referred to as Typical more expensive, more effective at treating negative symptoms but can treat
Antipsychotics. Most have positive symptoms as well, long-acting injections available for several of these.
strong bond with D2 (Ex. Risperidone, Clozapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, Ziprasidone)
receptorsonly, cause EPS
Side effects caused by certain antipsychotic medications, which include: involun-
symptoms faster due to
tary or uncontrollable movements. tremors. muscle contractions.
prolonged receptor
dissociation, have more A neurological disorder characterize by involuntary movement of the face and jaw.
dangerous side effect
profiles, have been around
longer, more effective at
treating positive symptoms,
less expensive. (Ex.
Haloperidol,
Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine,
Fluphenazine)
Referred to as Atypical
Antipsychotics. Most have a
weak bond with D2 receptors
and block serotonin
receptors leading to anti-
depressive and anxiolytic
effects. They cause less EPS
due to rapid receptor
disassociation which leads to
rapid dopamine
neurotransmission. Have
less dangerous side effect
profiles but can cause
metabolic syndromes, have
been around shorter time,
, 8. Upregulation Occurs through chronic use of antagonists which causes an increase in the number
of receptors, externalization of receptors, and increased sensitivity of the receptors.
Prolonged use of antagonist -> Up-regulation of receptors -> Sudden withdrawal
of antagonist -> increased number of receptors and increased sensitivity of re-
ceptors *YOU MUST GRADUALLY TAPER A DRUG TO AVOID BINDING TO ALL NEW
RECEPTORS FROM UPREGULATION
9. Down regulation Occurs by chronic exposure of agonists which causes decreased number of recep-
tors, internalization of receptors, and decreased sensitivity of the receptors. Pro-
longed use of agonist -> down-regulation of receptors -> decreased effectiveness
of agonist mediated clinical response.
You have two options:
1 Increase the drug dose OR 2 Switch to another drug(BEST OPTION)
10. Receptor profile The receptors that each drug binds to
(example, risperidone's receptor profile would like...
(a) Blockade of 5HT2A and D2 receptors
(b) High aflnity for a1, a2, and H1 receptors)
11. Binding Refers to a drug metabolite or neurotransmitter attaching to a receptor
12. Affinity refers to the "preference" or likelihood of a drug to bind to a certain receptor.
Linked to potency.
13. CYP450 A group of enzymes in the liver that metabolize different drugs. There are six.
14. List the 7 CYP450 (1) CYP1A2
Enzymes (2) CYP2B6
(3) CYP2C9
(4) CYP2C19
(5) CYP2D6
and CORRECT Answers
1. What are the 6 Safety
general Tolerability
principles of Eflcacy
psychopharmaco- Practicality
logical Treatment accessibility
treatment? Treatment compliance
2. Pharmacokinet- How the drug moves in the body. (ex. Where is it absorbed? How and where is it
ics metabolized? Where is it excreted?)
3. Pharmacodynam- What the drug does to the body. (consider mechanism of action)
ics
4. Define First-gen- sia
eration antipsy-
chotics
5. Define
Second-genera-
tion
antipsychotics
6. Extra Pyramidal
Symptoms (EPS)
7. Tardive dyskine-
,Referred to as Typical more expensive, more effective at treating negative symptoms but can treat
Antipsychotics. Most have positive symptoms as well, long-acting injections available for several of these.
strong bond with D2 (Ex. Risperidone, Clozapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, Ziprasidone)
receptorsonly, cause EPS
Side effects caused by certain antipsychotic medications, which include: involun-
symptoms faster due to
tary or uncontrollable movements. tremors. muscle contractions.
prolonged receptor
dissociation, have more A neurological disorder characterize by involuntary movement of the face and jaw.
dangerous side effect
profiles, have been around
longer, more effective at
treating positive symptoms,
less expensive. (Ex.
Haloperidol,
Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine,
Fluphenazine)
Referred to as Atypical
Antipsychotics. Most have a
weak bond with D2 receptors
and block serotonin
receptors leading to anti-
depressive and anxiolytic
effects. They cause less EPS
due to rapid receptor
disassociation which leads to
rapid dopamine
neurotransmission. Have
less dangerous side effect
profiles but can cause
metabolic syndromes, have
been around shorter time,
, 8. Upregulation Occurs through chronic use of antagonists which causes an increase in the number
of receptors, externalization of receptors, and increased sensitivity of the receptors.
Prolonged use of antagonist -> Up-regulation of receptors -> Sudden withdrawal
of antagonist -> increased number of receptors and increased sensitivity of re-
ceptors *YOU MUST GRADUALLY TAPER A DRUG TO AVOID BINDING TO ALL NEW
RECEPTORS FROM UPREGULATION
9. Down regulation Occurs by chronic exposure of agonists which causes decreased number of recep-
tors, internalization of receptors, and decreased sensitivity of the receptors. Pro-
longed use of agonist -> down-regulation of receptors -> decreased effectiveness
of agonist mediated clinical response.
You have two options:
1 Increase the drug dose OR 2 Switch to another drug(BEST OPTION)
10. Receptor profile The receptors that each drug binds to
(example, risperidone's receptor profile would like...
(a) Blockade of 5HT2A and D2 receptors
(b) High aflnity for a1, a2, and H1 receptors)
11. Binding Refers to a drug metabolite or neurotransmitter attaching to a receptor
12. Affinity refers to the "preference" or likelihood of a drug to bind to a certain receptor.
Linked to potency.
13. CYP450 A group of enzymes in the liver that metabolize different drugs. There are six.
14. List the 7 CYP450 (1) CYP1A2
Enzymes (2) CYP2B6
(3) CYP2C9
(4) CYP2C19
(5) CYP2D6
