ASP Exam 2 Study Guide with verified answers
| | | | | | |
The |vertebrate |hormones |involved |in |water |and |electrolyte |balance |in |the |body |are |called
A. |Mineralocorticoids
B. |Reproductive |hormones
C. |Glucocorticoids
D. |Ecdysteroids |- |correct |answer |A. |Mineralocorticoids
The |strongest |postsynaptic |signal |would |be |achieved |by |which |of |the |following |combinations?
A. |Low |concentrations |of |postsynaptic |receptors |and |high |concentration |of |degrading |enzymes
B. |Low |concentrations |of |neurotransmitter |and |postsynaptic |receptors
C. |High |concentrations |of |neurotransmitter |and |low |concentrations |of |degrading |enzymes
D. |High |concentrations |of |neurotransmitter |and |degrading |enzymes |- |correct |answer |C. |High |
concentration |of |neurotransmitter |and |low |concentrations |of |degrading |enzymes
The |biogenic |amine, |_________ |is |important |for |invertebrates |as |a |neurotransmitter
A. |epinephrine
B. |Thyroid |hormone
C. |octopamine
D. |norepinephrine |- |correct |answer |C. |octopamine
There |are |multiple |ways |in |which |two |cells |in |an |organism |can |communicate |with |each |other: |
gap |junctions, |paracrine |and |autocrine |signals, |endocrine |signals, |and |neural |signals. |Discuss |
the |advantages |and |drawbacks |for |each |of |these |types |of |signals |- |correct |answer |Gap |
junctions |are |utilized |in |direct |signaling |by |cells |and |can |only |be |done |for |short |distances |
because |the |cells |must |be |touching. |Paracrine/autocrine |signaling |is |indirect |and |allows |a |
signal |to |diffuse |through |the |membrane |and |travel |through |the |extra |cellular |matrix |to |the |
near |larget |cell. |This |is |also |for |short |distances |and |the |signal |can |also |bind |to |the |receptor |
from |the |signal |cell |as |well |as |the |target |ell. |Endocrine |signaling |diffuses |the |messenger |
through |the |membrane |into |the |circulatory |system, |signal |to |travel |long |distances. |However, |
, this |can |be |time |consuming. |Neural |signals |are |sent |through |neurons |very |rapidly |and |long |
distances |without |losing |the |strength |of |the |signal |due |to |its |action |potentials |being |triggered |
one |after |the |other.
Define |Alleochemicals |- |correct |answer |A |type |of |pheromone |(chemical |produced |by |an |
animal) |to |communicate |with |a |different |species
The |three |main |classes |of |chemicals |that |act |as |hormones |are |________, |amines |and |steroids
|- |correct |answer |peptides
Up-regulation |of |receptors
A. |results |in |increased |sensitivity |to |its |ligand
B. |results |in |decreased |sensitivity |to |its |ligand
C. |none |of |these |are |correct
D. |occurs |when |a |ligand |has |been |present |at |high |levels |- |correct |answer |A. |Results |in |
increased |sensitivity |to |its |ligand
Vesicles |found |in |the |axon |terminals |that |contain |neurotransmitter |are |called |_____________.
|- |correct |answer |synaptic
In |the |nervous |system, |chemical |messages |cross |a |_________, |a |short |distance |between |the |
signal |and |target |cells. |- |correct |answer |Synapse
Define |"autocrine" |- |correct |answer |secreted |by |one |cell |and |acts |on |the |receptors |of |the |
same |cell
The |Goldman |equation |can |be |used |to |determine |the |resting |membrane |potential. |It |accounts
|for |all |the |following |factors |EXCEPT
A. |permeability |of |the |membrane |for |the |ions
B. |concentration |of |an |ion |inside |the |cell
C. |concentration |of |an |ion |outside |the |cell
| | | | | | |
The |vertebrate |hormones |involved |in |water |and |electrolyte |balance |in |the |body |are |called
A. |Mineralocorticoids
B. |Reproductive |hormones
C. |Glucocorticoids
D. |Ecdysteroids |- |correct |answer |A. |Mineralocorticoids
The |strongest |postsynaptic |signal |would |be |achieved |by |which |of |the |following |combinations?
A. |Low |concentrations |of |postsynaptic |receptors |and |high |concentration |of |degrading |enzymes
B. |Low |concentrations |of |neurotransmitter |and |postsynaptic |receptors
C. |High |concentrations |of |neurotransmitter |and |low |concentrations |of |degrading |enzymes
D. |High |concentrations |of |neurotransmitter |and |degrading |enzymes |- |correct |answer |C. |High |
concentration |of |neurotransmitter |and |low |concentrations |of |degrading |enzymes
The |biogenic |amine, |_________ |is |important |for |invertebrates |as |a |neurotransmitter
A. |epinephrine
B. |Thyroid |hormone
C. |octopamine
D. |norepinephrine |- |correct |answer |C. |octopamine
There |are |multiple |ways |in |which |two |cells |in |an |organism |can |communicate |with |each |other: |
gap |junctions, |paracrine |and |autocrine |signals, |endocrine |signals, |and |neural |signals. |Discuss |
the |advantages |and |drawbacks |for |each |of |these |types |of |signals |- |correct |answer |Gap |
junctions |are |utilized |in |direct |signaling |by |cells |and |can |only |be |done |for |short |distances |
because |the |cells |must |be |touching. |Paracrine/autocrine |signaling |is |indirect |and |allows |a |
signal |to |diffuse |through |the |membrane |and |travel |through |the |extra |cellular |matrix |to |the |
near |larget |cell. |This |is |also |for |short |distances |and |the |signal |can |also |bind |to |the |receptor |
from |the |signal |cell |as |well |as |the |target |ell. |Endocrine |signaling |diffuses |the |messenger |
through |the |membrane |into |the |circulatory |system, |signal |to |travel |long |distances. |However, |
, this |can |be |time |consuming. |Neural |signals |are |sent |through |neurons |very |rapidly |and |long |
distances |without |losing |the |strength |of |the |signal |due |to |its |action |potentials |being |triggered |
one |after |the |other.
Define |Alleochemicals |- |correct |answer |A |type |of |pheromone |(chemical |produced |by |an |
animal) |to |communicate |with |a |different |species
The |three |main |classes |of |chemicals |that |act |as |hormones |are |________, |amines |and |steroids
|- |correct |answer |peptides
Up-regulation |of |receptors
A. |results |in |increased |sensitivity |to |its |ligand
B. |results |in |decreased |sensitivity |to |its |ligand
C. |none |of |these |are |correct
D. |occurs |when |a |ligand |has |been |present |at |high |levels |- |correct |answer |A. |Results |in |
increased |sensitivity |to |its |ligand
Vesicles |found |in |the |axon |terminals |that |contain |neurotransmitter |are |called |_____________.
|- |correct |answer |synaptic
In |the |nervous |system, |chemical |messages |cross |a |_________, |a |short |distance |between |the |
signal |and |target |cells. |- |correct |answer |Synapse
Define |"autocrine" |- |correct |answer |secreted |by |one |cell |and |acts |on |the |receptors |of |the |
same |cell
The |Goldman |equation |can |be |used |to |determine |the |resting |membrane |potential. |It |accounts
|for |all |the |following |factors |EXCEPT
A. |permeability |of |the |membrane |for |the |ions
B. |concentration |of |an |ion |inside |the |cell
C. |concentration |of |an |ion |outside |the |cell
