Physiology Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions
8 steps of inflammation Correct Answer -injury (macro-
trauma and micro-trauma)
-structural changes
-chemical mediation
-hemodynamic changes
-metabolic changes
-permeability
-leukocyte migration
-phagocytosis
A delta fibers and C fibers neurotransmitter release Correct
Answer -A fibers mediate diffuse burning or aching pain
-C fibers are activated by high-intenstity mechanical, chemical,
hot and cold stimuli
-A fibers will release neurotransmitter (glutamate) faster than C
fibers because A fibers are myelinated and larger
A fibers Correct Answer -myelinated (alpha is greatest)
-give more intense pain, senses
ACh Correct Answer -CNS and PNS neurotransmitter
ACh characteristics Correct Answer -excitatory
-NMJ
Actin Correct Answer thin filaments
,ADH and the regulation of osmolality Correct Answer -ADH
output is increased in high osmolality to stimulate water
reabsorption (also increases BP and thirst response)
-ADH output is decreased with low osmolality to stimulate the
passage of water through the kidney
afferent Correct Answer sensory neurons
ascending pathway Correct Answer carry afferent information
to the spinal cord and brain
astrocytes Correct Answer -cover surfaces of blood vessels,
neurons and Pia mater
-supportive function
-create BBB (induce capillaries to form tight junctions)
autocrine transmission Correct Answer -the secretion of
chemical messenger affects the activity of the same cell that
released it
B cells Correct Answer differentiation into cells that produce
immunoglobulins and plasma cells
Basophils Correct Answer -release histamine and other
inflammatory mediators when activated by binding of specific
antigens to cell-fixed IgE molecules
-allergic rxns
BESS test Correct Answer -used to assess static postural
stability
, Brown-Sequard Syndrome Correct Answer -lesion in the
spinal cord
-lower motor neuron
-results in weakness or hemiparapelgia on the ipsilateral side
and loss of sensation (hemianesthesia) on the contralateral side
-ipsilateral loss of discriminative touch, vibration
C fibers Correct Answer -unmyelinated
-dull, long lasting pain
Chemical mediation Correct Answer -how we get neutrophils
and macrophages to the site
-histamine and bradykinin
chemoreceptors Correct Answer stimulated by change in
chemical composition of the environment (taste, smell, pH, etc.)
CHP Correct Answer pressure exerted by water in the blood,
forcing fluid out of the capillaries (more positive at arterial end;
more negative
clotting Correct Answer -blood coagulation produces
thrombin which makes fibrin
-platelets and fibrin adhere to exposed matrix (weak fibrin
lattice is formed)
cochlea Correct Answer contains hair cells (receptors) for
hearing
concentration of electrolytes at resting membrane potential
Correct Answer more Na+, Cl- and Ca2+ outside
8 steps of inflammation Correct Answer -injury (macro-
trauma and micro-trauma)
-structural changes
-chemical mediation
-hemodynamic changes
-metabolic changes
-permeability
-leukocyte migration
-phagocytosis
A delta fibers and C fibers neurotransmitter release Correct
Answer -A fibers mediate diffuse burning or aching pain
-C fibers are activated by high-intenstity mechanical, chemical,
hot and cold stimuli
-A fibers will release neurotransmitter (glutamate) faster than C
fibers because A fibers are myelinated and larger
A fibers Correct Answer -myelinated (alpha is greatest)
-give more intense pain, senses
ACh Correct Answer -CNS and PNS neurotransmitter
ACh characteristics Correct Answer -excitatory
-NMJ
Actin Correct Answer thin filaments
,ADH and the regulation of osmolality Correct Answer -ADH
output is increased in high osmolality to stimulate water
reabsorption (also increases BP and thirst response)
-ADH output is decreased with low osmolality to stimulate the
passage of water through the kidney
afferent Correct Answer sensory neurons
ascending pathway Correct Answer carry afferent information
to the spinal cord and brain
astrocytes Correct Answer -cover surfaces of blood vessels,
neurons and Pia mater
-supportive function
-create BBB (induce capillaries to form tight junctions)
autocrine transmission Correct Answer -the secretion of
chemical messenger affects the activity of the same cell that
released it
B cells Correct Answer differentiation into cells that produce
immunoglobulins and plasma cells
Basophils Correct Answer -release histamine and other
inflammatory mediators when activated by binding of specific
antigens to cell-fixed IgE molecules
-allergic rxns
BESS test Correct Answer -used to assess static postural
stability
, Brown-Sequard Syndrome Correct Answer -lesion in the
spinal cord
-lower motor neuron
-results in weakness or hemiparapelgia on the ipsilateral side
and loss of sensation (hemianesthesia) on the contralateral side
-ipsilateral loss of discriminative touch, vibration
C fibers Correct Answer -unmyelinated
-dull, long lasting pain
Chemical mediation Correct Answer -how we get neutrophils
and macrophages to the site
-histamine and bradykinin
chemoreceptors Correct Answer stimulated by change in
chemical composition of the environment (taste, smell, pH, etc.)
CHP Correct Answer pressure exerted by water in the blood,
forcing fluid out of the capillaries (more positive at arterial end;
more negative
clotting Correct Answer -blood coagulation produces
thrombin which makes fibrin
-platelets and fibrin adhere to exposed matrix (weak fibrin
lattice is formed)
cochlea Correct Answer contains hair cells (receptors) for
hearing
concentration of electrolytes at resting membrane potential
Correct Answer more Na+, Cl- and Ca2+ outside
