NSG 510 Exam 4 with correct |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
Benign prostatic hyperplasia risk factors - correct answer✔✔older men (~80% will be
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
diagnosed in their lifetime) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Manifestations - correct answer✔✔- Progressive degrees of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
urinary outflow obstruction from difficulty initiating urine flow
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- progressive decrease in force of urinary stream
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- incomplete bladder emptying
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- high post-void residuals
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Physical exam reveals a large, non-tender prostate.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Complications - correct answer✔✔Obstruction of urinary flow
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and stasis or urine increases the risk of urinary tract infection and prostatitis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Prostatitis etiology - correct answer✔✔Infection (e. coli, usually) by various routes:|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- ascending from urethra
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- descending from bladder or kidneys
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- hematogenous from blood stream
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- direct extension from rectum
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Manifestations of acute bacterial prostatitis - correct answer✔✔-Systemic findings consistent |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
with an infection |||\\\ |||\\\
- low back pain
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- tender and swollen prostate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,- localized lymph node tenderness
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prostatitis diagnosis - correct answer✔✔based on manifestations and urinalysis/culture results
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prostate cancer statistics - correct answer✔✔- 12% of men will be diagnosed with prostate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cancer at some point during their life
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Decline in new cases, flat death rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- A disease of older age
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Disproportionately effects Blacks
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Survival declines with late stage and advanced disease (screen with DRE and PSA).
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prostate cancer etiology - correct answer✔✔polygenic, multifactorial, and just bad luck on
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
random mitotic mutations |||\\\ |||\\\
prostate cancer Manifestations - correct answer✔✔- If a patient comes in with symptoms
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(bladder outlet obstruction) it typically suggests advanced disease and poor outcomes.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Prostatic specific antigen testing - Abnormally high levels occur with a whole host of prostate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
conditions from benign to malignant (sensitive but not specific) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Physical findings: Urinary stream problems and hard, nodular, non-painful prostate by digital
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
rectal exam. |||\\\
prostate cancer diagnosis - correct answer✔✔Transrectal ultrasound and biopsy
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
testicular cancer trends and statistics - correct answer✔✔- Approximately 0.4 percent of men
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
will be diagnosed with testicular cancer at some point during their lifetime
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Increase in new cases, flat death rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- A disease of younger age
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Disproportionately effects Whites
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, - Survival declines with late stage and advanced disease.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
testicular cancer etiology - correct answer✔✔This is a disease of younger men, typically
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
childbearing years. For the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
testicular cancer manifestations - correct answer✔✔Non-tender mass on palpation.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cystocele - correct answer✔✔Protrusion of bladder (cysto) wall through weakened vaginal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
musculature.
rectocele - correct answer✔✔protrusion of rectal (recto) wall through weakened vaginal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
musculature.
cysto/rectocele etiology - correct answer✔✔Age and weakened vaginal musculature (think |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
multiple vaginal deliveries) |||\\\ |||\\\
cysto/rectocele manifestations - correct answer✔✔Sensations of pressure, urinary |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
incontinence, constipation. |||\\\
Uterine prolapse - correct answer✔✔- Note the uterus is at nearly a right angle to the vagina
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and overlies the bladder.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- In prolapse, the uterus parallels the vagina and telescopes into it to varying degrees (1st, 2nd,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and 3rd). |||\\\
uterine prolapse etiology - correct answer✔✔- Weakness of the supportive ligaments
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(uterosacral and cardinal) and weakness of the vaginal musculature. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Occurs at any age.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- May be due to congenital weakness of musculoskeletal system or to the effects of childbirth
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
Benign prostatic hyperplasia risk factors - correct answer✔✔older men (~80% will be
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
diagnosed in their lifetime) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Manifestations - correct answer✔✔- Progressive degrees of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
urinary outflow obstruction from difficulty initiating urine flow
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- progressive decrease in force of urinary stream
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- incomplete bladder emptying
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- high post-void residuals
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Physical exam reveals a large, non-tender prostate.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Complications - correct answer✔✔Obstruction of urinary flow
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and stasis or urine increases the risk of urinary tract infection and prostatitis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Prostatitis etiology - correct answer✔✔Infection (e. coli, usually) by various routes:|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- ascending from urethra
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- descending from bladder or kidneys
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- hematogenous from blood stream
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- direct extension from rectum
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Manifestations of acute bacterial prostatitis - correct answer✔✔-Systemic findings consistent |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
with an infection |||\\\ |||\\\
- low back pain
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- tender and swollen prostate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,- localized lymph node tenderness
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prostatitis diagnosis - correct answer✔✔based on manifestations and urinalysis/culture results
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prostate cancer statistics - correct answer✔✔- 12% of men will be diagnosed with prostate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cancer at some point during their life
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Decline in new cases, flat death rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- A disease of older age
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Disproportionately effects Blacks
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Survival declines with late stage and advanced disease (screen with DRE and PSA).
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prostate cancer etiology - correct answer✔✔polygenic, multifactorial, and just bad luck on
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
random mitotic mutations |||\\\ |||\\\
prostate cancer Manifestations - correct answer✔✔- If a patient comes in with symptoms
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(bladder outlet obstruction) it typically suggests advanced disease and poor outcomes.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Prostatic specific antigen testing - Abnormally high levels occur with a whole host of prostate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
conditions from benign to malignant (sensitive but not specific) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Physical findings: Urinary stream problems and hard, nodular, non-painful prostate by digital
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
rectal exam. |||\\\
prostate cancer diagnosis - correct answer✔✔Transrectal ultrasound and biopsy
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
testicular cancer trends and statistics - correct answer✔✔- Approximately 0.4 percent of men
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
will be diagnosed with testicular cancer at some point during their lifetime
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Increase in new cases, flat death rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- A disease of younger age
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Disproportionately effects Whites
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, - Survival declines with late stage and advanced disease.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
testicular cancer etiology - correct answer✔✔This is a disease of younger men, typically
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
childbearing years. For the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
testicular cancer manifestations - correct answer✔✔Non-tender mass on palpation.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cystocele - correct answer✔✔Protrusion of bladder (cysto) wall through weakened vaginal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
musculature.
rectocele - correct answer✔✔protrusion of rectal (recto) wall through weakened vaginal
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
musculature.
cysto/rectocele etiology - correct answer✔✔Age and weakened vaginal musculature (think |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
multiple vaginal deliveries) |||\\\ |||\\\
cysto/rectocele manifestations - correct answer✔✔Sensations of pressure, urinary |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
incontinence, constipation. |||\\\
Uterine prolapse - correct answer✔✔- Note the uterus is at nearly a right angle to the vagina
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and overlies the bladder.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- In prolapse, the uterus parallels the vagina and telescopes into it to varying degrees (1st, 2nd,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and 3rd). |||\\\
uterine prolapse etiology - correct answer✔✔- Weakness of the supportive ligaments
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(uterosacral and cardinal) and weakness of the vaginal musculature. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Occurs at any age.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- May be due to congenital weakness of musculoskeletal system or to the effects of childbirth
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
