NR667/NR667 CEA Week 8 Exit Exam:100% Verified Questions & Answers:Latest Updated

What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are provoked? (Ans- 70% How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant? (Ans- at least 3 months How long should a patient with a non-provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant? (Ans- at least 3 months, but could be lifelong if any recurrence What is the Virchow's triad? (Ans- 3 broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis What are things that could contribute to a provoked PE or DVT? (Ans- Anesthesia, immobility, pregnancy, hypercoagulable state, DVT, cancer, hormone replacementWhat are the 3 things that make up the Virchow's triad? (AnsVenous stasis Hypercoagulability Endothelial injury What testing should be done first to look for peripheral artery disease? (Ans- ankle-brachial index (BP will be lower on the ankles vs arms) What test will confirm a diagnosis of PAD? (Ans- angiography Symptoms of PAD (Anspale, waxy, hairless legs pain with ambulation that improves with cessation of ambulation Treatment for PAD (Ansstents of bypass of vessels Anti-platelet medicationsStatins for lipid management Lifestyle modifications and management of co-morbidities (diabetes) -smoking cessation -daily ambulation Treatment of intermittent claudication (AnsAnti-platelet/aspirin Lifestyle modifications and management of co-morbidities (diabetes, HTN, hyperlipidemia) -smoking cessation Exercise (walking through the pain) Symptoms of acute tamponade (Ansnarrowed pulse pressures, tachycardia, JVD, muffled heart tones What cardiac arrhythmia has an irregularly, irregular rhythm with no visible P waves? (Ans- Atrial fibrillationWhat cardiac arrhythmia is characterized by a "saw-tooth" pattern? (Ans- Atrial flutter intrinsic vs extrinsic clotting pathway (AnsIntrinsic factors: 12 - 11 - 9 - 10 Extrinsic factors: 7 - 10 Thrombin - 2 What is the natural anti-coagulant? (AnsProtein C/S (once you start warfarin, protein c/s stops working) What anti-coagulant does a patient need to be on for valvular diseases? (Ans- Warfarin Bridging for anti-coagulants are only required for which medication? (Ans- WarfarinMnemonic for landmarks on an EKG (Ans- "I See All Leads" II, III, & eVF: Inferior V1 & V2: Septal V3 & V4: Anterior V5 & V6: Lateral What procedure is commonly done for A-fib patients? (Ans- Ablation When ordering imaging studies, when is contrast needed? (Ans- When looking for anything vascular What are the 5 traits of metabolic syndrome? (Need to have 3 for a diagnosis) (Ans- -Male waist 40in or female waist 35 in -HTN: BP 130/80 -Trigylcerides 150 -Serum HDL 40 in males or 50 in females-Hyperglycemia: fasting glucose 100 What is the BP goal for patients with diabetes? (Ans- 130/80 (to protect the kidneys) What condition causes a blood sugar 600 (600-1200), hyperosmolality, and often causes neuro impairment? (AnsHyperglycemia Hyperosmolar State (HHS) What A1C reading indicates diabetes? (Ans- 6.5% or greater When a patient has diabetes, what should their A1C be to be considered "well controlled"?