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Samenvatting: Neurologische infecties

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Samenvatting: Neurologische infecties

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Uploaded on
January 4, 2021
Number of pages
8
Written in
2020/2021
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Other
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Neurologische infecties
Indeling lokalisatie:
● Centraal zenuwstelsel
- Meningitis
- Encefalitis (=hersenontsteking)
- Myelitis (aantasting van het ruggenmerg)
- Abces
● Perifeer zenuwstelsel /hersenzenuwen


Indeling verwekker
- Bacterie
- Virus
- Schimmel
- Protozoa (=eencellige)


Meningitis
Ontstaan
- Acuut : enkele uren tot dagen
- Chronisch : weken tot maanden
Verwekker
- Bacterieel : acuut en chronisch
- Aseptisch
→ Viraal : acuut
→ Schimmel : chronisch
→ Inflammatoir


Kliniek acute meningitis
- Incidentie 4 à 6/100.000
- Bacterieel >>> aseptisch
- Koorts, hoofdpijn, nekstijfheid, GCS<14
- Fotofobie (niet goed tegen het licht
kunnen) , nausea en braken
- Focale uitval, epilepsie bij aantasting
hersenen
- Petechiën (bloeduitstortingen): bij
meningococcensepsis (Waterhouse-
Friderichsen syndroom)

(foto) kenmerkende petechiën




1

, Kliniek chronische meningitis
- Weinig of geen meningeale prikkeling, fotofobie, koorts
- Symptomen meestal veroorzaakt door basale meningitis en hydrocefalie
- Hoofdpijn, gedragsverandering, aantasting hersenzenuwen, cognitieve problemen,
BWZ alteratie


Verwekkers acute bacteriële meningitis
- 80% Neisseria meningitidis (vooral < 20j) of Streptococcus pneumoniae
- H.influenzae “verdwenen” sinds vaccinatie
- Bij gedaalde immuniteit of > 60jaar : Listeria monocytogenes, gramnegatieve
bacteriën
- Na trauma en neurochirurgie : Staphylococcus aureus, gramnegatieve bacteriën


Verwekkers acute aseptische meningitis
● Viraal : enterovirus, herpes, HIV, mazelen, EBV (=Epstein-Barr virus), bof…
● Inflammatoir
- Behçet (auto immuunziekte)
- Systeemziekte, bv lupus, vooral na NSAID’s
- Meningeale bloeding
- Hypofyse apoplexie


Verwekkers chronische meningitis
● Bacterieel :
- TBC
- Borrelia
- Syfilis
● Aseptisch (niet bacterieel)
- Schimmel : bv. cryptococ
- Inflammatoir : bv. meningitis carcinomatosis
- TBC


Lumbaal punctie
● Vooraf
- Oogfundus
- CT/MRI hersenen : bij gedaald BWZ, epilepsie, focale uitval, verminderde
immuniteit (45%)




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