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NURS 3550 (Pharmacology) Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Penicillins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Ideal, widely used antibiotics.
Beta-lactam antibiotics method of action Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Inhibits Transpeptidases and activates
Autolysins.
Transpeptidases Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Create cell wall cross bridges, giving the cell wall strength.
Autolysins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Bacterial enzymes that cleave cell walls.
Penicillin-binding proteins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Located on the cytoplasmic membrane, these eight sites
react with penicillin to produce effects.
PBP1 and PBP3 Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ The most important PBP sites, used by most penicillin.
Penicillin resistance Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Inability to reach PBPs, inactivation via bacterial enzymes, and
PBP sites with low affinity.
Gram positive cell envelope Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Two layers: easily penetrated thick cell wall, and a
membrane.
Gram negative cell envelope Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Three layers: inner membrane, a thin cell wall, and a
outer membrane that is difficult to penetrate.
Beta-lactamases Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Enzymes that cleave the beta-lactam ring, deactivating penicillin.
Some act on many drugs, some are very specific.
Methicillin Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Penicillin that was resistant to Staph beta-lactamases (now obsolete).
MRSA method of immunity Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Production of very low affinity PBP sites, as well as
standard Staph beta-lactamases, resulting in a very hardy infection.
Common dermal Staph symptoms Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Boils, rashes (cellulitis), blisters (impetigo).
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Two types of MRSA Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ HCA-MRSA (healthcare associated) and CA-MRSA (community
associated).
More serious MRSA type Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Healthcare associated MRSA.
Preferred HCA-MRSA treatment. Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Highly individualized, often uses IV vancomycin,
linezolid, daptomycin, telavancin, clindamycin, and cefazoline.
Best MRSA treatment drug Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Vancomycin.
Are HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA the same? Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ No, they are distinct species.
Should drugs be used for CA-MRSA? Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Unless serious, no. Reduction of acquired
immunities is paramount.
Penicillin G Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ The first prototype penicillin, it is more effective against gram-positive
bacteria than gram-negative. Despite it's age, it is still used to this date.
Penicillin G spectrum Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Narrow spectrum, being mostly efficient against gram-positive
bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria it can affect are N. Meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae.
Admission routes of penicillin G Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ IM (Potassium and sodium based P.G is rapid while
procaine and benzathine are slower).
IV (Only use potassium or sodium salts)
Repository preparations Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Slow acting drug administration.
Penicillin half life Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Average of 30 minutes.
Penicillin excretion Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Kidneys.
Penicillin allergy process Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Allergens are by-products of penicillin metabolism, not the
drug itself.
Penicillin V (VK) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Acid stable penicillin G, used for oral administration.
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin. Narrow range, used for
Staph infections.
Ampicillin, amoxicillin Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Broad spectrum penicillins.
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
NURS 3550 (Pharmacology) Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Penicillins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Ideal, widely used antibiotics.
Beta-lactam antibiotics method of action Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Inhibits Transpeptidases and activates
Autolysins.
Transpeptidases Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Create cell wall cross bridges, giving the cell wall strength.
Autolysins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Bacterial enzymes that cleave cell walls.
Penicillin-binding proteins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Located on the cytoplasmic membrane, these eight sites
react with penicillin to produce effects.
PBP1 and PBP3 Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ The most important PBP sites, used by most penicillin.
Penicillin resistance Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Inability to reach PBPs, inactivation via bacterial enzymes, and
PBP sites with low affinity.
Gram positive cell envelope Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Two layers: easily penetrated thick cell wall, and a
membrane.
Gram negative cell envelope Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Three layers: inner membrane, a thin cell wall, and a
outer membrane that is difficult to penetrate.
Beta-lactamases Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Enzymes that cleave the beta-lactam ring, deactivating penicillin.
Some act on many drugs, some are very specific.
Methicillin Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Penicillin that was resistant to Staph beta-lactamases (now obsolete).
MRSA method of immunity Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Production of very low affinity PBP sites, as well as
standard Staph beta-lactamases, resulting in a very hardy infection.
Common dermal Staph symptoms Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Boils, rashes (cellulitis), blisters (impetigo).
© Get it right 2025 Getaway - Stuvia US All rights reserved
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Two types of MRSA Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ HCA-MRSA (healthcare associated) and CA-MRSA (community
associated).
More serious MRSA type Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Healthcare associated MRSA.
Preferred HCA-MRSA treatment. Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Highly individualized, often uses IV vancomycin,
linezolid, daptomycin, telavancin, clindamycin, and cefazoline.
Best MRSA treatment drug Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Vancomycin.
Are HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA the same? Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ No, they are distinct species.
Should drugs be used for CA-MRSA? Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Unless serious, no. Reduction of acquired
immunities is paramount.
Penicillin G Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ The first prototype penicillin, it is more effective against gram-positive
bacteria than gram-negative. Despite it's age, it is still used to this date.
Penicillin G spectrum Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Narrow spectrum, being mostly efficient against gram-positive
bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria it can affect are N. Meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae.
Admission routes of penicillin G Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ IM (Potassium and sodium based P.G is rapid while
procaine and benzathine are slower).
IV (Only use potassium or sodium salts)
Repository preparations Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Slow acting drug administration.
Penicillin half life Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Average of 30 minutes.
Penicillin excretion Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Kidneys.
Penicillin allergy process Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Allergens are by-products of penicillin metabolism, not the
drug itself.
Penicillin V (VK) Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Acid stable penicillin G, used for oral administration.
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin. Narrow range, used for
Staph infections.
Ampicillin, amoxicillin Ans: ✓ ✓ ✓ Broad spectrum penicillins.
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