TEST BANK FOR
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
Chapter 1-49
1
,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b Cells can secrete digestive
. enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
d Cells can synthesize fats.
.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in
their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondr
ia
b Ribosome
.
c. Nucleolus
d Lysosome
.
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for
cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b Peroxisom
. es
2
,c. Ribosomes
d Endosome
.
ANS: B
3
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in
the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes
called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular
membrane.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b Golgi complex
.
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d Lysosomes
.
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth
vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth
endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b Secretion of cortisol
.
c. Increased retention of water
d Breakdown of fat
.
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body.
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
Chapter 1-49
1
,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b Cells can secrete digestive
. enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
d Cells can synthesize fats.
.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in
their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondr
ia
b Ribosome
.
c. Nucleolus
d Lysosome
.
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for
cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b Peroxisom
. es
2
,c. Ribosomes
d Endosome
.
ANS: B
3
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in
the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes
called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular
membrane.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b Golgi complex
.
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d Lysosomes
.
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth
vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth
endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b Secretion of cortisol
.
c. Increased retention of water
d Breakdown of fat
.
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body.
