HST 272 Week 2 Study Guide:
Key Terms:
Proto-Fascism Nationalism Nativism Risorgimento
Francesco Filippo
Giuseppe Mazzini Futurism
Crispi Marinetti
Heinrich von Social
Burschenschaften Antisemitism
Treitschke Darwinism
Jim Crow
Ku Klux Klan Racism Eugenics
Laws
Study Questions:
● In what ways did 19th-century nationalism pave the way for fascism in the 20th
century?
● How did the national unifications of Italy and Germany come about?
○ Italian unification was considered unfinished
■ Fragmentation since the Middle Ages
■ Various competing states and foreign influence
■ 19th-century unification movement
■ Revolution of 1848
■ After 1848, various battles versus Austria resulted in unification by 1871
○ German unification
■ Holy Roman Empire since 1806 (over 300 states)
■ Wars of Liberation versus Napoleon
■ Rise of nationalist ideology (Grimm brothers)
■ German Federation after Congress of Vienna (about 30 states)
■ Rivalry between Prussia and Austria
■ The failed revolution of 1848
■ Otto von Bismarck
● Prussian Prime Minister 1862
● Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871-1890
● Berlin conference “The scramble for Africa” in 1884
● In what ways did the KKK foreshadow Fascism and Nazism decades later?
○ “Know-nothing” party of the 1850s in the US
○ KKK founded in 1865
○ Jim Crow laws from the 1870s to 1960s
● How did Futurism inspire and influence Italian fascism?
○ Glorification of violence?
○ Futurism focused on rebellion, technology, speed, violence, youth, etc.
■ Became more politicized and pro-war in 1914
■ Influenced Mussolini
● How prominent was Antisemitism in Germany before World War I?
Key Terms:
Proto-Fascism Nationalism Nativism Risorgimento
Francesco Filippo
Giuseppe Mazzini Futurism
Crispi Marinetti
Heinrich von Social
Burschenschaften Antisemitism
Treitschke Darwinism
Jim Crow
Ku Klux Klan Racism Eugenics
Laws
Study Questions:
● In what ways did 19th-century nationalism pave the way for fascism in the 20th
century?
● How did the national unifications of Italy and Germany come about?
○ Italian unification was considered unfinished
■ Fragmentation since the Middle Ages
■ Various competing states and foreign influence
■ 19th-century unification movement
■ Revolution of 1848
■ After 1848, various battles versus Austria resulted in unification by 1871
○ German unification
■ Holy Roman Empire since 1806 (over 300 states)
■ Wars of Liberation versus Napoleon
■ Rise of nationalist ideology (Grimm brothers)
■ German Federation after Congress of Vienna (about 30 states)
■ Rivalry between Prussia and Austria
■ The failed revolution of 1848
■ Otto von Bismarck
● Prussian Prime Minister 1862
● Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871-1890
● Berlin conference “The scramble for Africa” in 1884
● In what ways did the KKK foreshadow Fascism and Nazism decades later?
○ “Know-nothing” party of the 1850s in the US
○ KKK founded in 1865
○ Jim Crow laws from the 1870s to 1960s
● How did Futurism inspire and influence Italian fascism?
○ Glorification of violence?
○ Futurism focused on rebellion, technology, speed, violence, youth, etc.
■ Became more politicized and pro-war in 1914
■ Influenced Mussolini
● How prominent was Antisemitism in Germany before World War I?
