UCLA EKG TEST STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES
|| 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is an electrocardiogram (EKG)? - ANSWER ✓ A cardiac test that
records the heart's electrical activity
2. Vital Information an EKG Provides - ANSWER ✓ Heart rate
Heart rhythm
Evidence of previous heart attacks
3. What instrument is used to record an EKG? - ANSWER ✓ The
electrocardiograph.
4. MA play a crucial role in _________ and __________ basic EKG results -
ANSWER ✓ performing and interpreting
5. What are the main components of the cardiac cycle? - ANSWER ✓
Contraction of the atria
Contraction of the ventricles
Relaxation of the entire heart.
6. What do waves represent on an EKG? - ANSWER ✓ Distinct patterns
created by each cardiac cycle
7. P Wave - ANSWER ✓ Atrial DEpolarization (contraction of atria)
8. QRS Complex - ANSWER ✓ Ventricular DEpolarization (contraction of the
ventricles)
,9. T Wave - ANSWER ✓ Ventricular REpolarization (relaxation of the
ventricles)
10.U Wave - ANSWER ✓ REpolarization of the bundle of His and Purkinje
fibers (not always visible)
11.Important U Wave Intervals - ANSWER ✓ PR interval and QT interval
12.What is the most prominent wave on EKG? - ANSWER ✓ QRS Complex
13.Where does a Normal Sinus Rhythm originate? - ANSWER ✓ from the
Sinoatrial (SA) node
14.Normal Sinus Rhythm characteristics - ANSWER ✓ One P wave for each
QRS complex
Regular rhythm
Represents healthy heart function
15.Normal Heart Rate - ANSWER ✓ 60-100 bpm
16.Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER ✓ HR less than 60 bpm
17.Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER ✓ HR greater than 100 bpm
18.Sinus Arrest - ANSWER ✓ SA node fails to fire
Concerning if lasting longer than 6 sec
19.electrically polarized at rest - ANSWER ✓ - inside of heart cell has a high
potassium concentration, whereas the outside has a higher concentration of
NA
-higher positive charge outside the cell cause more negative charge inside
cell
20.electrical potential - ANSWER ✓ difference between the charges outside
and inside of the cell wall
21.Depolarization - ANSWER ✓ NA moves into the cell rapidly in response to
an electrical impulse
, - inside cell loses negative potential
22.Replolarization - ANSWER ✓ ions return to their original resting state
- heart cells restore their resting polarity
23.4 Phases of Electrophysiology of the heart cell - ANSWER ✓ Phase 0: Na
flow in and rapid depolarization occurs when stimulated
Phase 1: Rapid return to isoelectric level
Phase 2: CA ions flow in and myocytes contract
Phase 3: K flow out and rapid depolarization occurs
Phase 4: Polarized resting phase
24.Pacemaker cells - ANSWER ✓ - Sinoatrial node ( SA) node
-Atrioventricular node )AV node
- Purkinjie fibers
25.SA node - ANSWER ✓ -primary pacemaker
- Rate: 60-100
- SA node depolarizes the atria via intro nodal tracts and Bachmann;s
bundle = resulting in atrial contraction
26.AV node - ANSWER ✓ - responsible for slowing down conduction from the
atria to ventricles just long enough for atrial contraction to occur
- rate: 40-60
27.Bundle of His - ANSWER ✓ - divides left and right branches
-impulses are conducted down LBB faster than RBB, allowing both
ventricles to contract at same time
28.Purkunje fibers - ANSWER ✓ - send impulses into mycardial tissues of the
ventricles and causes them to contract
- rate: 20-40
29.Myocardial cells - ANSWER ✓ -contractile machinery of the heart
- myocardial cell is deplolarized, CA is released within cell causing cell
to contract
30.Normal ranges for electrolytes - ANSWER ✓ NA: 135- 146 meq/L
, K: 3.6-5.3 meq/L
Ca: 8.5- 10.3 mg/dl
Ionized Ca: 1.09 -1.29
Mg: 1.4- 1.9 mEq/L
31.Placement of precordial leads - ANSWER ✓ v1: right sternal boarder and
4th intercostal space
v2: left sternal boarder and 4th intercostal space
v3: between v2 and v4
v4: midclavicular line and 5th intercostal space
v5: between v4 and v6
v6: between midaxillary line and 5th intercostal space
32.EKG paper - ANSWER ✓ - small box: 0.04 secs
- 5 small box: 0.2 secs
- 5 Large box= 1 second
- 300 large boxes = 60 secs
33.causes of PVC - ANSWER ✓ - anxiety
- excess caffeine
-hypoxemia
-hypokalemia
-hypomagnesemia
-hypocalcemia
-myocarditis
-MI
34.TX for PVC - ANSWER ✓ - treat underlying cause
35.PVC classifications - ANSWER ✓ - unifocal: arising from a single ectopic
focus, each PVC is identical
- multifocal: arising two or more ectopic foci, multiple QRS
morphologies
36.Patterns of PVC - ANSWER ✓ bigeminy: every other beat is PVC
trigeminy: every third beat is PVC
quadrigeminy: every fourth beat is a PVC
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES
|| 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is an electrocardiogram (EKG)? - ANSWER ✓ A cardiac test that
records the heart's electrical activity
2. Vital Information an EKG Provides - ANSWER ✓ Heart rate
Heart rhythm
Evidence of previous heart attacks
3. What instrument is used to record an EKG? - ANSWER ✓ The
electrocardiograph.
4. MA play a crucial role in _________ and __________ basic EKG results -
ANSWER ✓ performing and interpreting
5. What are the main components of the cardiac cycle? - ANSWER ✓
Contraction of the atria
Contraction of the ventricles
Relaxation of the entire heart.
6. What do waves represent on an EKG? - ANSWER ✓ Distinct patterns
created by each cardiac cycle
7. P Wave - ANSWER ✓ Atrial DEpolarization (contraction of atria)
8. QRS Complex - ANSWER ✓ Ventricular DEpolarization (contraction of the
ventricles)
,9. T Wave - ANSWER ✓ Ventricular REpolarization (relaxation of the
ventricles)
10.U Wave - ANSWER ✓ REpolarization of the bundle of His and Purkinje
fibers (not always visible)
11.Important U Wave Intervals - ANSWER ✓ PR interval and QT interval
12.What is the most prominent wave on EKG? - ANSWER ✓ QRS Complex
13.Where does a Normal Sinus Rhythm originate? - ANSWER ✓ from the
Sinoatrial (SA) node
14.Normal Sinus Rhythm characteristics - ANSWER ✓ One P wave for each
QRS complex
Regular rhythm
Represents healthy heart function
15.Normal Heart Rate - ANSWER ✓ 60-100 bpm
16.Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER ✓ HR less than 60 bpm
17.Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER ✓ HR greater than 100 bpm
18.Sinus Arrest - ANSWER ✓ SA node fails to fire
Concerning if lasting longer than 6 sec
19.electrically polarized at rest - ANSWER ✓ - inside of heart cell has a high
potassium concentration, whereas the outside has a higher concentration of
NA
-higher positive charge outside the cell cause more negative charge inside
cell
20.electrical potential - ANSWER ✓ difference between the charges outside
and inside of the cell wall
21.Depolarization - ANSWER ✓ NA moves into the cell rapidly in response to
an electrical impulse
, - inside cell loses negative potential
22.Replolarization - ANSWER ✓ ions return to their original resting state
- heart cells restore their resting polarity
23.4 Phases of Electrophysiology of the heart cell - ANSWER ✓ Phase 0: Na
flow in and rapid depolarization occurs when stimulated
Phase 1: Rapid return to isoelectric level
Phase 2: CA ions flow in and myocytes contract
Phase 3: K flow out and rapid depolarization occurs
Phase 4: Polarized resting phase
24.Pacemaker cells - ANSWER ✓ - Sinoatrial node ( SA) node
-Atrioventricular node )AV node
- Purkinjie fibers
25.SA node - ANSWER ✓ -primary pacemaker
- Rate: 60-100
- SA node depolarizes the atria via intro nodal tracts and Bachmann;s
bundle = resulting in atrial contraction
26.AV node - ANSWER ✓ - responsible for slowing down conduction from the
atria to ventricles just long enough for atrial contraction to occur
- rate: 40-60
27.Bundle of His - ANSWER ✓ - divides left and right branches
-impulses are conducted down LBB faster than RBB, allowing both
ventricles to contract at same time
28.Purkunje fibers - ANSWER ✓ - send impulses into mycardial tissues of the
ventricles and causes them to contract
- rate: 20-40
29.Myocardial cells - ANSWER ✓ -contractile machinery of the heart
- myocardial cell is deplolarized, CA is released within cell causing cell
to contract
30.Normal ranges for electrolytes - ANSWER ✓ NA: 135- 146 meq/L
, K: 3.6-5.3 meq/L
Ca: 8.5- 10.3 mg/dl
Ionized Ca: 1.09 -1.29
Mg: 1.4- 1.9 mEq/L
31.Placement of precordial leads - ANSWER ✓ v1: right sternal boarder and
4th intercostal space
v2: left sternal boarder and 4th intercostal space
v3: between v2 and v4
v4: midclavicular line and 5th intercostal space
v5: between v4 and v6
v6: between midaxillary line and 5th intercostal space
32.EKG paper - ANSWER ✓ - small box: 0.04 secs
- 5 small box: 0.2 secs
- 5 Large box= 1 second
- 300 large boxes = 60 secs
33.causes of PVC - ANSWER ✓ - anxiety
- excess caffeine
-hypoxemia
-hypokalemia
-hypomagnesemia
-hypocalcemia
-myocarditis
-MI
34.TX for PVC - ANSWER ✓ - treat underlying cause
35.PVC classifications - ANSWER ✓ - unifocal: arising from a single ectopic
focus, each PVC is identical
- multifocal: arising two or more ectopic foci, multiple QRS
morphologies
36.Patterns of PVC - ANSWER ✓ bigeminy: every other beat is PVC
trigeminy: every third beat is PVC
quadrigeminy: every fourth beat is a PVC
