ANAT 100 PRACTICE EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔what do heart valves do and why are they important - ✔✔- they prevent backflow of
blood; regulate one-way flow through heart
✔✔what are AV valves and what do they do - ✔✔atrioventricular valves (btwn artria and
ventricles)
-prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
✔✔what are they two types of AV valves and where are they (what do they do) - ✔✔-
bicuspid (mitral) valve: btwn L atria and ventricle
-tricupid valve: btwn R atria and ventricle
✔✔what is the role of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles - ✔✔-chordae
tendineae stabilize the cuspids to prevent inversion (attach to leaflets of AV valves to
pap. muscles; stringy looking)
-papillary muscles hold the chordae in place
✔✔what are the two types of SL valves and where are they (what do they do) -
✔✔semilunar (btwn ventricles and arteries)
-pulmonary SLV: prevents backflow of bld from pulmonary trunk to R ventricle
-aortic SLV: prevents backflow of bld from aorta to L ventricle
✔✔what does circulation of blood mean - ✔✔blood flow TO the heart
✔✔what does the systemic circuit include - ✔✔- all bld vessels except the ones going to
the lungs
✔✔what does the pulmonary circuit include - ✔✔-start and end at heart but includes
lungs
✔✔what side of the heart does the systemic circuit use and what does it do - ✔✔L side
of heart, pumps oxy bld to body
✔✔describe the steps in the systemic circuit (start L vent. end R atrium) - ✔✔1. L
ventricle (oxy bld)
2. aorta
3. arteries (supply organs)
4. arterioles (in tissues)
5. capillaries (gas and nutrient exchange)
6. venules (drain deoxy bld)
7. veins
8. inferior vena cava
9. R atrium
, ✔✔what side of the heart does the pulmonary circuit use and what does it do - ✔✔R
side of heart, pumps deoxygenated bld to lungs
✔✔describe the steps in the pulmonary circuit (start at R vent. end at L artium) - ✔✔1. R
ventricle
2. pulmonary trunk
3. pulmonary arteries
4. pulmonary capillaries (gas exchange)
5. pulmonary veins (oxy blod)
6. L atrium
✔✔what is the role of coronary arteries and how does the blood move in them -
✔✔carry blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)
-moves bc of aortic recoil
✔✔where are the coronary arteries located (L and R) - ✔✔-branch off aorta, superior to
aortic SLV
✔✔explain how blood enters the coronary arteries - ✔✔- L vent. contracts, pushes
aortic SLV open and blast of blood enters
- wall of aorta stretches as blood continues rushing in
- L vent. relaxes and aorta recoils back to smaller form
- cusps (ASV) close as blood is pushed up then down
- blood can't go down the aorta bc cusps closed
- so blood is pushed into the L&R coronary arteries
✔✔describe the L coronary artery (branches? supplies?) - ✔✔- anterior interventricular
branch: supplies both ventricles
- circumflex branch (in coronary sulcus): supplies L atrium and ventricle
✔✔describe the R coronary artery (branches?, supplies?) - ✔✔(larger than left)
- in coronary sulcus;. supplies R atrium and ventricle
-marginal branch(on edge): supplies R ventricle
- post. interventricular branch: supplies both ventricles
✔✔what are the three cardiac veins - ✔✔- anterior cardiac vein (moves superiorly)
- middle cardiac vein (moves superiorly)
- great cardiac vein; biggest (moves superiorly and posteriorly)
✔✔describe function of cardiac veins - ✔✔- drain blood from myocardium into coronary
sinus and then empty it into the R atrium then pulmonary circuit
✔✔what is a coronary sinus - ✔✔collection point for deoxy blood from cardiac veins
SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔what do heart valves do and why are they important - ✔✔- they prevent backflow of
blood; regulate one-way flow through heart
✔✔what are AV valves and what do they do - ✔✔atrioventricular valves (btwn artria and
ventricles)
-prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
✔✔what are they two types of AV valves and where are they (what do they do) - ✔✔-
bicuspid (mitral) valve: btwn L atria and ventricle
-tricupid valve: btwn R atria and ventricle
✔✔what is the role of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles - ✔✔-chordae
tendineae stabilize the cuspids to prevent inversion (attach to leaflets of AV valves to
pap. muscles; stringy looking)
-papillary muscles hold the chordae in place
✔✔what are the two types of SL valves and where are they (what do they do) -
✔✔semilunar (btwn ventricles and arteries)
-pulmonary SLV: prevents backflow of bld from pulmonary trunk to R ventricle
-aortic SLV: prevents backflow of bld from aorta to L ventricle
✔✔what does circulation of blood mean - ✔✔blood flow TO the heart
✔✔what does the systemic circuit include - ✔✔- all bld vessels except the ones going to
the lungs
✔✔what does the pulmonary circuit include - ✔✔-start and end at heart but includes
lungs
✔✔what side of the heart does the systemic circuit use and what does it do - ✔✔L side
of heart, pumps oxy bld to body
✔✔describe the steps in the systemic circuit (start L vent. end R atrium) - ✔✔1. L
ventricle (oxy bld)
2. aorta
3. arteries (supply organs)
4. arterioles (in tissues)
5. capillaries (gas and nutrient exchange)
6. venules (drain deoxy bld)
7. veins
8. inferior vena cava
9. R atrium
, ✔✔what side of the heart does the pulmonary circuit use and what does it do - ✔✔R
side of heart, pumps deoxygenated bld to lungs
✔✔describe the steps in the pulmonary circuit (start at R vent. end at L artium) - ✔✔1. R
ventricle
2. pulmonary trunk
3. pulmonary arteries
4. pulmonary capillaries (gas exchange)
5. pulmonary veins (oxy blod)
6. L atrium
✔✔what is the role of coronary arteries and how does the blood move in them -
✔✔carry blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)
-moves bc of aortic recoil
✔✔where are the coronary arteries located (L and R) - ✔✔-branch off aorta, superior to
aortic SLV
✔✔explain how blood enters the coronary arteries - ✔✔- L vent. contracts, pushes
aortic SLV open and blast of blood enters
- wall of aorta stretches as blood continues rushing in
- L vent. relaxes and aorta recoils back to smaller form
- cusps (ASV) close as blood is pushed up then down
- blood can't go down the aorta bc cusps closed
- so blood is pushed into the L&R coronary arteries
✔✔describe the L coronary artery (branches? supplies?) - ✔✔- anterior interventricular
branch: supplies both ventricles
- circumflex branch (in coronary sulcus): supplies L atrium and ventricle
✔✔describe the R coronary artery (branches?, supplies?) - ✔✔(larger than left)
- in coronary sulcus;. supplies R atrium and ventricle
-marginal branch(on edge): supplies R ventricle
- post. interventricular branch: supplies both ventricles
✔✔what are the three cardiac veins - ✔✔- anterior cardiac vein (moves superiorly)
- middle cardiac vein (moves superiorly)
- great cardiac vein; biggest (moves superiorly and posteriorly)
✔✔describe function of cardiac veins - ✔✔- drain blood from myocardium into coronary
sinus and then empty it into the R atrium then pulmonary circuit
✔✔what is a coronary sinus - ✔✔collection point for deoxy blood from cardiac veins
