Bio 260 microbial genetics
1. E.coli O157:H7 vs E.coli: -Produces Shiga toxin and is a pathogen
-has diff version of flagellin and a distinct O polysaccharide enzyme
2. Microbial genetics matter because: -genes determine which proteins a cell can make
-microbial features are determined by proteins -cell wall, pili fermentation product, coenzymes
-microbial diversity and identity can be determined by sequencing the microbial genome
-Genetic change is basis of acquired drug resistance and increased or decreased pathogens
-genetic engineering
3. Replication: -Helicase- melted double helix
-RNA primase- started new chain at origin/creates RNA primers
-DNA polymerase extended in 3'-5 direction
-DNA ligase -fills gaps
-Leading vs lagging- one leader oleads, the ther lags with Okazaki fragments
4. replication in bacteria: -Single origin of replication
-helicase shows up to denature
-RNA primase-primes, bases of RNA to get started/ 2 replication forks make bubble
- DNA polymerase extends
-Bidirectional replication -terminating site
1/6
, 5. Continues replication in bacteria: -Replication produces two identical copies/each daughter cell
receives one
-unique to prokaryotes: replication has already begun/E. coli chromosomes take 40 minutes
-optimal generation time is 20'
-No nucleus/machinery can start replicating on a strand that's not yet finished replicating
-Each daughter cell inherits one complete chromosome, already half-finished, replicated
6. Gene expression steps 1/2: -Genetic info is used within a cell to produce the proteins needed fo the
cell to function
- Transcription: Copy DNA to RNA/begins at promoter
- Translation: mRNA translated into a protein at the ribosomes
7. regulation:
8. Transcription vs. Replication: Transcription forms RNA molecules from genes, starts at promoters
(thousands per chromosome). RNA polymerase synthesizes in the 5'-3 direction alone
2/6
1. E.coli O157:H7 vs E.coli: -Produces Shiga toxin and is a pathogen
-has diff version of flagellin and a distinct O polysaccharide enzyme
2. Microbial genetics matter because: -genes determine which proteins a cell can make
-microbial features are determined by proteins -cell wall, pili fermentation product, coenzymes
-microbial diversity and identity can be determined by sequencing the microbial genome
-Genetic change is basis of acquired drug resistance and increased or decreased pathogens
-genetic engineering
3. Replication: -Helicase- melted double helix
-RNA primase- started new chain at origin/creates RNA primers
-DNA polymerase extended in 3'-5 direction
-DNA ligase -fills gaps
-Leading vs lagging- one leader oleads, the ther lags with Okazaki fragments
4. replication in bacteria: -Single origin of replication
-helicase shows up to denature
-RNA primase-primes, bases of RNA to get started/ 2 replication forks make bubble
- DNA polymerase extends
-Bidirectional replication -terminating site
1/6
, 5. Continues replication in bacteria: -Replication produces two identical copies/each daughter cell
receives one
-unique to prokaryotes: replication has already begun/E. coli chromosomes take 40 minutes
-optimal generation time is 20'
-No nucleus/machinery can start replicating on a strand that's not yet finished replicating
-Each daughter cell inherits one complete chromosome, already half-finished, replicated
6. Gene expression steps 1/2: -Genetic info is used within a cell to produce the proteins needed fo the
cell to function
- Transcription: Copy DNA to RNA/begins at promoter
- Translation: mRNA translated into a protein at the ribosomes
7. regulation:
8. Transcription vs. Replication: Transcription forms RNA molecules from genes, starts at promoters
(thousands per chromosome). RNA polymerase synthesizes in the 5'-3 direction alone
2/6
