ATI REMEDIATION NUTRITION
what is the leading cause of death in the U.S.? - ANS-cardiovascular diseases (CHD is the
single leading cause of death)
CHD is caused by - ANS-atherosclerosis (a process of damage and cholesterol deposits on the
blood vessels of the heart)
What does HDL cholesterol do - ANS-removes cholesterol from the serum and takes it to the
liver. Levels > than 60 mg/dL provide some protection against heart disease
what does LDL cholesterol do - ANS-transports cholesterol out of the liver and into the
circulatory system (this is how plaque forms on the coronary artery walls) Levels < than 130
mg/dL is ideal
Metabolic Syndrome-- 3 of the 5 risk factors must be present - ANS-1. abdominal obesity 2.
elevated triglycerides 3. low HDL 4. increased BP 5. fasting blood glucose greater than or equal
to 100 mg/dL
What are the manifestation of Iron Deficiency Anemia ? - ANS-fatigue, lethargy, pallor of nail
beds, intolerance to cold, headache, TACHYcardia
What are the risk factors of vitamin B12 deficiency ? - ANS-lack of meat or dairy consumption,
small bowel resection, chronic diarrhea, diverticula, tapeworm, excess of intestinal bacteria
What are the risk factors for Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia? - ANS-poor nutritional intake of
foods containing folic acid (green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, dried beans, nuts),
malabsorption syndromes such as Crohn's disease, certain medications such as
anticonvulsants and oral contraceptives
To prevent CHD: consume a _________ and __________ type of diet - ANS-low fat, low
cholesterol
To prevent CHD you should increase the intake of what - ANS-fiber, carbohydrates, omega 3
fatty acids, flaxseed, soy beans, canola, walnuts, oily fish (tuna, salmon, and herring)
To prevent CHD you should decrease the intake of what - ANS-saturated fat, red meat
consumption
Elevated _________ levels can increase the risk of developing CHD - ANS-homocysteine (an
amino acid)
Deficiencies in what increase homocysteine - ANS-folate, B6, B12
, what foods are high in fiber - ANS-oats, beans, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, barley, flax seed
Is hypertension a significant risk factor for developing CHD, myocardial infarction, and stroke? -
ANS-YES
Hypertension is sustained elevation in BP greater than or equal to what - ANS-140/90mm hg
under the age of 60 (older than 60 is 150/90)
What are the risk factors for primary hypertension - ANS-family history, hyperlipidemia, smoking,
obesity, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, low potassium intake, excessive alcohol
consumption, stress, aging
DASH diet - ANS-low sodium, high potassium, high calcium (purpose is to stop hypertension)
Angina pectoris is a warning sign of an - ANS-impending acute myocardial infarction
Research shows improved outcomes following an MI in clients treated with - ANS-aspirin, beta
blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
ANGINA - ANS-precipitated by excertion or stress, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, symptoms
last less than 15 min, not associated with nausea, epigastric pain, dyspnea, anxiety, or
diaphoresis
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION - ANS-can occur w/o cause often in the morning after rest,
relieved only by opioids, symptoms last more than 30 min, associated with nausea, epigastric
pain, dyspena, anxiety, diaphoresis
BREASTFEEDING advantages - ANS-incidence of otis media, type 1 and 2 diabetes, obesity,
leukemia, lymphoma, and GI and respiratory disorders are reduced.
Breastmilk is high and low in what - ANS-high in omega-3 fatty acids, low in sodium, and iron,
sinc, and magnesium found in breastmilk are highly absorbable. calcium absorption
how many feedings should there be in the first 24 hrs - ANS-8-12
a daily increase of _______ calories is recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy
- ANS-340
a daily increase of _______ calories is recommended during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy -
ANS-452
what is the leading cause of death in the U.S.? - ANS-cardiovascular diseases (CHD is the
single leading cause of death)
CHD is caused by - ANS-atherosclerosis (a process of damage and cholesterol deposits on the
blood vessels of the heart)
What does HDL cholesterol do - ANS-removes cholesterol from the serum and takes it to the
liver. Levels > than 60 mg/dL provide some protection against heart disease
what does LDL cholesterol do - ANS-transports cholesterol out of the liver and into the
circulatory system (this is how plaque forms on the coronary artery walls) Levels < than 130
mg/dL is ideal
Metabolic Syndrome-- 3 of the 5 risk factors must be present - ANS-1. abdominal obesity 2.
elevated triglycerides 3. low HDL 4. increased BP 5. fasting blood glucose greater than or equal
to 100 mg/dL
What are the manifestation of Iron Deficiency Anemia ? - ANS-fatigue, lethargy, pallor of nail
beds, intolerance to cold, headache, TACHYcardia
What are the risk factors of vitamin B12 deficiency ? - ANS-lack of meat or dairy consumption,
small bowel resection, chronic diarrhea, diverticula, tapeworm, excess of intestinal bacteria
What are the risk factors for Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia? - ANS-poor nutritional intake of
foods containing folic acid (green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, dried beans, nuts),
malabsorption syndromes such as Crohn's disease, certain medications such as
anticonvulsants and oral contraceptives
To prevent CHD: consume a _________ and __________ type of diet - ANS-low fat, low
cholesterol
To prevent CHD you should increase the intake of what - ANS-fiber, carbohydrates, omega 3
fatty acids, flaxseed, soy beans, canola, walnuts, oily fish (tuna, salmon, and herring)
To prevent CHD you should decrease the intake of what - ANS-saturated fat, red meat
consumption
Elevated _________ levels can increase the risk of developing CHD - ANS-homocysteine (an
amino acid)
Deficiencies in what increase homocysteine - ANS-folate, B6, B12
, what foods are high in fiber - ANS-oats, beans, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, barley, flax seed
Is hypertension a significant risk factor for developing CHD, myocardial infarction, and stroke? -
ANS-YES
Hypertension is sustained elevation in BP greater than or equal to what - ANS-140/90mm hg
under the age of 60 (older than 60 is 150/90)
What are the risk factors for primary hypertension - ANS-family history, hyperlipidemia, smoking,
obesity, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, low potassium intake, excessive alcohol
consumption, stress, aging
DASH diet - ANS-low sodium, high potassium, high calcium (purpose is to stop hypertension)
Angina pectoris is a warning sign of an - ANS-impending acute myocardial infarction
Research shows improved outcomes following an MI in clients treated with - ANS-aspirin, beta
blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
ANGINA - ANS-precipitated by excertion or stress, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, symptoms
last less than 15 min, not associated with nausea, epigastric pain, dyspnea, anxiety, or
diaphoresis
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION - ANS-can occur w/o cause often in the morning after rest,
relieved only by opioids, symptoms last more than 30 min, associated with nausea, epigastric
pain, dyspena, anxiety, diaphoresis
BREASTFEEDING advantages - ANS-incidence of otis media, type 1 and 2 diabetes, obesity,
leukemia, lymphoma, and GI and respiratory disorders are reduced.
Breastmilk is high and low in what - ANS-high in omega-3 fatty acids, low in sodium, and iron,
sinc, and magnesium found in breastmilk are highly absorbable. calcium absorption
how many feedings should there be in the first 24 hrs - ANS-8-12
a daily increase of _______ calories is recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy
- ANS-340
a daily increase of _______ calories is recommended during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy -
ANS-452
