Bio 204 Midterm Exam
1. Characteristics of Life: 1. Cells 2. Replication 3. Evolution 4. Storage of Information 5. Energy
2. Cells: Smallest structural and foundational unit of an organism bound by membrane
3. Prokaryote: Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
4. Eukaryote: Organism whose cells contain nuclei
5. Replication (CoL): All organisms are capable of reproduction (either sexual or asexual)
6. Evolution (CoL): Populations of organisms are constantly evolving- usually because of heritable variation or
differential reproductive success
7. Storage of Information (CoL): All living organisms process hereditary information encoded in units of
DNA known as genes, as well as process information from the environment
8. Energy (CoL): All organisms acquire and use energy = metabolism
9. Autotroph: An organism that makes its own food
1/7
,10. Heterotroph: An organism that cannot make its own food.
11. Nucleus: Large, membrane bound organelle housing (most) genetic material
12. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information
for cell growth, division, and function
13. Chromosome: A threadlike structure of DNA and its associated proteins
14. Gene: A linear segment of DNA (or RNA) that provides the coded instructions leading to the expression of
hereditary traits
15. Homologous Chromosomes: Chromosomes in a (diploid) organism that are the same kind of
chromosome- carry the same genes on them but might have different versions (alleles) of that gene
16. Allele: An alternative form of a gene.
A particular sequence of a gene that encodes for a particular form of a given protein.
17. Karyotype: Number and types of chromosomes present
18. Ploidy: Number of complete chromosomes sets present in a cell (diploid = 2, haploid = 1)
2/7
, 19. Diploid: There is two copies of each chromosome- the ploidy is 2
20. Haploid: There is one copy of each chromosome, the ploidy is 1
21. The Cell Cycle: Sequence of chromosomal replication and cellular division of a eukaryotic cell- G1, S, G2,
Mitosis.
Single parent cell divides into two daughter cells
22. G1 Phase: Cells performing their functional roles (decision to divide or not is made at this time)- interphase
23. S Phase: Replication of DNA- interphase
24. G2 Phase: Quality control- is the cell ready to continue on with division
3/7
1. Characteristics of Life: 1. Cells 2. Replication 3. Evolution 4. Storage of Information 5. Energy
2. Cells: Smallest structural and foundational unit of an organism bound by membrane
3. Prokaryote: Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
4. Eukaryote: Organism whose cells contain nuclei
5. Replication (CoL): All organisms are capable of reproduction (either sexual or asexual)
6. Evolution (CoL): Populations of organisms are constantly evolving- usually because of heritable variation or
differential reproductive success
7. Storage of Information (CoL): All living organisms process hereditary information encoded in units of
DNA known as genes, as well as process information from the environment
8. Energy (CoL): All organisms acquire and use energy = metabolism
9. Autotroph: An organism that makes its own food
1/7
,10. Heterotroph: An organism that cannot make its own food.
11. Nucleus: Large, membrane bound organelle housing (most) genetic material
12. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information
for cell growth, division, and function
13. Chromosome: A threadlike structure of DNA and its associated proteins
14. Gene: A linear segment of DNA (or RNA) that provides the coded instructions leading to the expression of
hereditary traits
15. Homologous Chromosomes: Chromosomes in a (diploid) organism that are the same kind of
chromosome- carry the same genes on them but might have different versions (alleles) of that gene
16. Allele: An alternative form of a gene.
A particular sequence of a gene that encodes for a particular form of a given protein.
17. Karyotype: Number and types of chromosomes present
18. Ploidy: Number of complete chromosomes sets present in a cell (diploid = 2, haploid = 1)
2/7
, 19. Diploid: There is two copies of each chromosome- the ploidy is 2
20. Haploid: There is one copy of each chromosome, the ploidy is 1
21. The Cell Cycle: Sequence of chromosomal replication and cellular division of a eukaryotic cell- G1, S, G2,
Mitosis.
Single parent cell divides into two daughter cells
22. G1 Phase: Cells performing their functional roles (decision to divide or not is made at this time)- interphase
23. S Phase: Replication of DNA- interphase
24. G2 Phase: Quality control- is the cell ready to continue on with division
3/7
