Bio 204 Animals
1. What are the closest relatives to animals?: choanoflagellates
2. What are choanoflagellates?: a group of free-living unicellular or colonial flagellate eukaryotes
3. What are the key features of animals?: Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls,
tissues, mobile stages in the life cycle, diploid dominant life cycle (gametic), most reproduce sexually (some asexual
and some both), many have larvae, size varies
4. What are the advantages to being multicellular?: having several different types of cells with
specialized functions, and having distinct tissues
5. what is a tissue?: integrated groups of cells with shared structure and function--nervous systems (impulse
conduction, sponges dont have), and muscle systems (movement, sponges dont have)
6. What do animals have besides cell walls?: structural proteins, particularly collagen
7. what kind of "-trophs" are animals?: Chemoorganoheterotrophs
8. what are larvae?: The sexually immature stage of the life cycle, they are distinct from the adults
1/6
, 9. What are the two largest animal phylum groups: Arthropooda is first, then mollusca
10. What are the two most basal lineages of animals: sponges (paraphyletic)
11. Where do animals live?: Everywhere on earth, most phyla are completley aquatic or they start their life
cycle in water then move to land
12. Which phyla have evolved terrestrial living?: Arthropods, chordates, and nematodes, tardi-
grades, annelids, and onychopora
13. What are the 3 primary functions of movement in animals?: 1) finding food
2) escaping predators
3) finding mates
14. What 3 things do animals need to move?: muscles, skeleton, and nerves
15. What are the types of skeletons: hydrostatic, exoskeleton, endoskeleton
16. What is a hydrostatic skeleton?: When muscles can constrict and an animal essentially squeezes
one part of itself to propel another part forward (worms and snakes)
2/6
1. What are the closest relatives to animals?: choanoflagellates
2. What are choanoflagellates?: a group of free-living unicellular or colonial flagellate eukaryotes
3. What are the key features of animals?: Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls,
tissues, mobile stages in the life cycle, diploid dominant life cycle (gametic), most reproduce sexually (some asexual
and some both), many have larvae, size varies
4. What are the advantages to being multicellular?: having several different types of cells with
specialized functions, and having distinct tissues
5. what is a tissue?: integrated groups of cells with shared structure and function--nervous systems (impulse
conduction, sponges dont have), and muscle systems (movement, sponges dont have)
6. What do animals have besides cell walls?: structural proteins, particularly collagen
7. what kind of "-trophs" are animals?: Chemoorganoheterotrophs
8. what are larvae?: The sexually immature stage of the life cycle, they are distinct from the adults
1/6
, 9. What are the two largest animal phylum groups: Arthropooda is first, then mollusca
10. What are the two most basal lineages of animals: sponges (paraphyletic)
11. Where do animals live?: Everywhere on earth, most phyla are completley aquatic or they start their life
cycle in water then move to land
12. Which phyla have evolved terrestrial living?: Arthropods, chordates, and nematodes, tardi-
grades, annelids, and onychopora
13. What are the 3 primary functions of movement in animals?: 1) finding food
2) escaping predators
3) finding mates
14. What 3 things do animals need to move?: muscles, skeleton, and nerves
15. What are the types of skeletons: hydrostatic, exoskeleton, endoskeleton
16. What is a hydrostatic skeleton?: When muscles can constrict and an animal essentially squeezes
one part of itself to propel another part forward (worms and snakes)
2/6
