Test Bank
PRINCIPLES OF
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
FOURTH EDITION
Cindy L. Stanfield
University of South Alabama
with contributions by
David Kurjiaka
Ohio University
Benjamin Cummings
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
,Senior Acquisitions Editor: Deirdre Espinoza
Assistant Editor: Shannon Cutt
Managing Editor: Deborah Cogan
Production Supervisor: David Chavez
Composition: Tamarack Software
Cover Designer: 17th Street Studios
Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger
Marketing Manager: Derek Perrigo
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San
Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected
by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a
retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education,
Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call
(847) 486-2635.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have
been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Pearson Benjamin Cummings TM is a trademark, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its
affiliates.
ISBN: 0321661486
ISBN: 9780321661487
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – SCI 11 10 09 08 07
www.aw-bc.com
,Preface
We created this Test Bank to provide a variety of exam questions for instructors using the Fourth
Edition of Principles of Human Physiology, by Cindy L. Stanfield. For each chapter, we developed
five styles of questions, which are rated for difficulty on a scale of 2 though 9. The question styles
are:
• Multiple Choice
• True/False
• Matching
• Essay
• Short Answer
The Test Bank provides instructors with a variety of questions for each chapter in the
textbook. The range of difficulty is based, for the most part, on the extent of integration required
of the student to answer the questions.
The Test Bank is available in electronic format through the TestGen software, which provides
instructors with an intuitive, user‐friendly interface with maximum flexibility in the development
of exams. The software provided to instructors is the same as that used to generate the Test Bank.
Therefore, instructors have several options for developing their exams: they can use the questions
provided in the Test Bank, edit the questions from the Test Bank, or generate new questions that
can be added to the Test Bank. An interactive Macintosh and Windows CD‐ROM version of the
Test Bank is available, which will allow you to easily alter the questions provided or add new
questions to fit. Visit the Addison Wesley/Benjamin Cumming catalog page to download the
electronic version of this printed Test Bank and other available instructor supplements at
www.aw‐bc.com.
I appreciate any feedback from instructors using the Test Bank. In particular, I am interested
in feedback on potential revisions to Test Bank questions and difficulty ratings, as well as any
new questions instructors might suggest. Please send these to me in care of the publisher.
Cindy L. Stanfield
c/o Applied Sciences
Benjamin Cummings
1301 Sansome Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
, Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology ................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 2 The Cell: Structure and Function ..................................................................................... 20
Chapter 3 Cell Metabolism ................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 4 Cell Membrane Transport ................................................................................................. 93
Chapter 5 Chemical Messengers ...................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 6 The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions ............................ 148
Chapter 7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling.............................................................................. 163
Chapter 8 Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration ........................................................... 192
Chapter 9 The Nervous System: Central Nervous System ........................................................... 222
Chapter 10 The Nervous System: Sensory Systems ......................................................................... 262
Chapter 11 The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems ............................................... 308
Chapter 12 Muscle Physiology ........................................................................................................... 329
Chapter 13 The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function ............................................................ 363
Chapter 14 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure ........ 396
Chapter 15 The Cardiovascular System: Blood ................................................................................ 432
Chapter 16 The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation......................................................... 450
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing ...................... 475
Chapter 18 The Urinary System: Renal Function ............................................................................. 510
Chapter 19 The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance .................................................... 544
Chapter 20 The Gastrointestinal System ........................................................................................... 583
Chapter 21 The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth .................. 625
Chapter 22 The Reproductive System ............................................................................................... 665
Chapter 23 The Immune System. ....................................................................................................... 703
Chapter 24 Diabetes Mellitus ............................................................................................................. 734
PRINCIPLES OF
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
FOURTH EDITION
Cindy L. Stanfield
University of South Alabama
with contributions by
David Kurjiaka
Ohio University
Benjamin Cummings
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
,Senior Acquisitions Editor: Deirdre Espinoza
Assistant Editor: Shannon Cutt
Managing Editor: Deborah Cogan
Production Supervisor: David Chavez
Composition: Tamarack Software
Cover Designer: 17th Street Studios
Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger
Marketing Manager: Derek Perrigo
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San
Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected
by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a
retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education,
Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call
(847) 486-2635.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have
been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Pearson Benjamin Cummings TM is a trademark, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its
affiliates.
ISBN: 0321661486
ISBN: 9780321661487
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – SCI 11 10 09 08 07
www.aw-bc.com
,Preface
We created this Test Bank to provide a variety of exam questions for instructors using the Fourth
Edition of Principles of Human Physiology, by Cindy L. Stanfield. For each chapter, we developed
five styles of questions, which are rated for difficulty on a scale of 2 though 9. The question styles
are:
• Multiple Choice
• True/False
• Matching
• Essay
• Short Answer
The Test Bank provides instructors with a variety of questions for each chapter in the
textbook. The range of difficulty is based, for the most part, on the extent of integration required
of the student to answer the questions.
The Test Bank is available in electronic format through the TestGen software, which provides
instructors with an intuitive, user‐friendly interface with maximum flexibility in the development
of exams. The software provided to instructors is the same as that used to generate the Test Bank.
Therefore, instructors have several options for developing their exams: they can use the questions
provided in the Test Bank, edit the questions from the Test Bank, or generate new questions that
can be added to the Test Bank. An interactive Macintosh and Windows CD‐ROM version of the
Test Bank is available, which will allow you to easily alter the questions provided or add new
questions to fit. Visit the Addison Wesley/Benjamin Cumming catalog page to download the
electronic version of this printed Test Bank and other available instructor supplements at
www.aw‐bc.com.
I appreciate any feedback from instructors using the Test Bank. In particular, I am interested
in feedback on potential revisions to Test Bank questions and difficulty ratings, as well as any
new questions instructors might suggest. Please send these to me in care of the publisher.
Cindy L. Stanfield
c/o Applied Sciences
Benjamin Cummings
1301 Sansome Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
, Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology ................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 2 The Cell: Structure and Function ..................................................................................... 20
Chapter 3 Cell Metabolism ................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 4 Cell Membrane Transport ................................................................................................. 93
Chapter 5 Chemical Messengers ...................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 6 The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions ............................ 148
Chapter 7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling.............................................................................. 163
Chapter 8 Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration ........................................................... 192
Chapter 9 The Nervous System: Central Nervous System ........................................................... 222
Chapter 10 The Nervous System: Sensory Systems ......................................................................... 262
Chapter 11 The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems ............................................... 308
Chapter 12 Muscle Physiology ........................................................................................................... 329
Chapter 13 The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function ............................................................ 363
Chapter 14 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure ........ 396
Chapter 15 The Cardiovascular System: Blood ................................................................................ 432
Chapter 16 The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation......................................................... 450
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing ...................... 475
Chapter 18 The Urinary System: Renal Function ............................................................................. 510
Chapter 19 The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance .................................................... 544
Chapter 20 The Gastrointestinal System ........................................................................................... 583
Chapter 21 The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth .................. 625
Chapter 22 The Reproductive System ............................................................................................... 665
Chapter 23 The Immune System. ....................................................................................................... 703
Chapter 24 Diabetes Mellitus ............................................................................................................. 734
