SCH4U CHEMISTRY 12 EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Rate of forward reaction decreases and the rate of reverse reaction increases - ANS As a
system approaches equilibrium...
1. Consistent observable properties
2. Closed system - ANS Characteristics of equilibrium
Reactants and products are all the same states - ANS Homogeneous equilibrium
Reactants and products are different states - ANS Heterogeneous equilibrium
Reaction is still occurring at microscopic level even though it appears to have completed -
ANS Dynamic equilibrium
Suniv = Ssys - Ssur - ANS 2nd law of thermodynamics
Solid->liquid
Liquid->gas
Solid dissolving
Temp increasing - ANS Processes that increase entropy
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, G=Hsys-T(Ssys) - ANS Gibbs free energy equation
Not spontaneous - ANS G>0
Spontaneous - ANS G<0
Reaction is at equilibrium - ANS G=0
- at all temps - ANS -H and +S
+ at all temps - ANS +H and -S
- at low temp - ANS -H and -S
- at high temps - ANS +H and +S
[Products] over [reactants]
Only uses equilibrium [ ]
*Coefficients are used at exponents* - ANS Kc expression
Products favoured - ANS Kc>1
At equilibrium - ANS Kc=0
Reactants favoured - ANS Kc<1
Ignore change in concentration - ANS If Kc>500
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Rate of forward reaction decreases and the rate of reverse reaction increases - ANS As a
system approaches equilibrium...
1. Consistent observable properties
2. Closed system - ANS Characteristics of equilibrium
Reactants and products are all the same states - ANS Homogeneous equilibrium
Reactants and products are different states - ANS Heterogeneous equilibrium
Reaction is still occurring at microscopic level even though it appears to have completed -
ANS Dynamic equilibrium
Suniv = Ssys - Ssur - ANS 2nd law of thermodynamics
Solid->liquid
Liquid->gas
Solid dissolving
Temp increasing - ANS Processes that increase entropy
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, G=Hsys-T(Ssys) - ANS Gibbs free energy equation
Not spontaneous - ANS G>0
Spontaneous - ANS G<0
Reaction is at equilibrium - ANS G=0
- at all temps - ANS -H and +S
+ at all temps - ANS +H and -S
- at low temp - ANS -H and -S
- at high temps - ANS +H and +S
[Products] over [reactants]
Only uses equilibrium [ ]
*Coefficients are used at exponents* - ANS Kc expression
Products favoured - ANS Kc>1
At equilibrium - ANS Kc=0
Reactants favoured - ANS Kc<1
Ignore change in concentration - ANS If Kc>500
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED