HCAL Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
endocrine gland - CORRECT ANSWER specialized cluster of cells, tissue, or an organ
that produces and secretes hormones directly into bloodstream
EX: sweat glands, salivary, mammary, bartholin
endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
ovaries
testes
adrenals
parathyroids
negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER most common
Information regarding a hormone level or the effect of a hormone is communicated back to
the gland that secretes the hormone which directs the need for hormones secretion or
suppression
EX: secretion of insulin based on serum glucose levels
positive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER increasing level of hormone triggers further
elevation of hormone stimulation.
EX: LH is secreted by pituitary gland, which triggers the ovaries to secrete estrogen, which in
turn stimulates the pituitary to secrete more LH
,biological rhythms - CORRECT ANSWER secretion of hormones controlled by
EX: influence of circadian rhythm on cortisol secretion. Cortisol is highest in morning.
central nervous system stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER control mech for secretion
of hormones
EX: individual experiences a stressful situation, the sympathetic division of ANS is activated,
triggering release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla.
Stress is resolved: Adrenal medulla reduces releases of epinephrine
hypothalamus secretes - CORRECT ANSWER Corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
Prolactin inhibiting hormone
Melanocyte inhibiting hormone
anterior pit secretes - CORRECT ANSWER Thyrotropin
Corticotropin
LH
FSH
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
,thyrotropin - CORRECT ANSWER target: thyroid
physiological effect: stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
corticotropin - CORRECT ANSWER target: adrenal cortex
physiological effect: stimulates synthesis and release of cortisol
growth hormone (somatotropin) - CORRECT ANSWER target: bone, muscle, soft
tissue
physiological effect: promotion of growth and metabolism
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - CORRECT ANSWER target: skin
physiological effect: pigmentation
posterior pit secretes - CORRECT ANSWER AHD
Oxytocin
thyroid secretes - CORRECT ANSWER T3, T4
Calcitonin
ADH - CORRECT ANSWER target: kidney and blood vessels
physiological effect: promotes water reabsorption
T3 (triiodthyronine) - CORRECT ANSWER target: body wide
, physiological effect: increase metabolism
T4 (thyroxine) - CORRECT ANSWER target: body wide
physiological effect: increased metabolism
calcitonin - CORRECT ANSWER target: bones and kidneys
physiological effect: lowers serum calcium and phosphate
parathyroid secretes - CORRECT ANSWER parathyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone - CORRECT ANSWER target: bone, kidney, GI tract
physiological effect: increases serum calcium and phosphate
adrenal cortex secretes - CORRECT ANSWER glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids (cortisol) - CORRECT ANSWER target: body wide
physiological effect: glucose reg, stress response, and immunity
Mineralocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWER target: kidney
physiological effect: retains water and Na+, excretion of K
gonads secrete - CORRECT ANSWER estrogen
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
endocrine gland - CORRECT ANSWER specialized cluster of cells, tissue, or an organ
that produces and secretes hormones directly into bloodstream
EX: sweat glands, salivary, mammary, bartholin
endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
ovaries
testes
adrenals
parathyroids
negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER most common
Information regarding a hormone level or the effect of a hormone is communicated back to
the gland that secretes the hormone which directs the need for hormones secretion or
suppression
EX: secretion of insulin based on serum glucose levels
positive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER increasing level of hormone triggers further
elevation of hormone stimulation.
EX: LH is secreted by pituitary gland, which triggers the ovaries to secrete estrogen, which in
turn stimulates the pituitary to secrete more LH
,biological rhythms - CORRECT ANSWER secretion of hormones controlled by
EX: influence of circadian rhythm on cortisol secretion. Cortisol is highest in morning.
central nervous system stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER control mech for secretion
of hormones
EX: individual experiences a stressful situation, the sympathetic division of ANS is activated,
triggering release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla.
Stress is resolved: Adrenal medulla reduces releases of epinephrine
hypothalamus secretes - CORRECT ANSWER Corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
Prolactin inhibiting hormone
Melanocyte inhibiting hormone
anterior pit secretes - CORRECT ANSWER Thyrotropin
Corticotropin
LH
FSH
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
,thyrotropin - CORRECT ANSWER target: thyroid
physiological effect: stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
corticotropin - CORRECT ANSWER target: adrenal cortex
physiological effect: stimulates synthesis and release of cortisol
growth hormone (somatotropin) - CORRECT ANSWER target: bone, muscle, soft
tissue
physiological effect: promotion of growth and metabolism
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - CORRECT ANSWER target: skin
physiological effect: pigmentation
posterior pit secretes - CORRECT ANSWER AHD
Oxytocin
thyroid secretes - CORRECT ANSWER T3, T4
Calcitonin
ADH - CORRECT ANSWER target: kidney and blood vessels
physiological effect: promotes water reabsorption
T3 (triiodthyronine) - CORRECT ANSWER target: body wide
, physiological effect: increase metabolism
T4 (thyroxine) - CORRECT ANSWER target: body wide
physiological effect: increased metabolism
calcitonin - CORRECT ANSWER target: bones and kidneys
physiological effect: lowers serum calcium and phosphate
parathyroid secretes - CORRECT ANSWER parathyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone - CORRECT ANSWER target: bone, kidney, GI tract
physiological effect: increases serum calcium and phosphate
adrenal cortex secretes - CORRECT ANSWER glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids (cortisol) - CORRECT ANSWER target: body wide
physiological effect: glucose reg, stress response, and immunity
Mineralocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWER target: kidney
physiological effect: retains water and Na+, excretion of K
gonads secrete - CORRECT ANSWER estrogen
