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Samenvatting - Wiskunde voor economen Module 1

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Dit document is een samenvatting van Module 1, uit het boek 'Wiskunde voor economen (deel 1)' voor het vak Wiskunde voor economen in het eerste bachelorjaar van TEW aan KU Leuven.

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Module 1: Wiskundig taalgebruik en
notaties
Verzameling = collectie van objecten
 noteren met hoofdletter – elementen ervan noteren met kleine letter
 te definiëren door:
1. Opsomming van elementen, bijv. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. Voorwaarde(n) opgeven, bijv. V = {x ∈ B | x is een vrouw}
3. Constructieve definitie geven, bijv. B = {n2 | n ∈ N}

A = B  ze precies dezelfde elementen hebben

V = ∅ = lege verzameling = geen elementen in die verzameling
Verzameling van een lege verzameling: {∅} creëert niet-lege verzameling met
als element 1

Singleton = verzameling met juist 1 element

A ∩ B -> doorsnede – vertalen door ‘en’ x ∈ A en x ∈ B

A ∪ B -> unie – vertalen door ‘of’ x ∈ A of x ∈ B

A \ B -> verschil – alles van A, behalve hetgeen A en B gemeenschappelijk
hebben

Ac -> complement - U\A

D(X) -> machtsverzameling
X = {1, 2, 3} en D(X) = {∅, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, X}
#D(X) = 8 = 23 = 2#X

Cartesiaans product van X en Y : X x Y = {(x, y) I x ∈ X en y ∈ Y}
Xn = {(x1, x2, …, xn ) I xi ∈ X, i = 1, …, n}

Implicatie: P ⇒ Q -> ‘Als P, dan Q’




Equivalentie: P ⇔ Q -> ‘P als en slechts als Q’

∀m ∈ N: ∃n ∈ N: m  n <-> ∃m ∈ N: ∀n ∈ N: m  n  ANDERE BETEKENIS!
 negatie van kwantoren: ¬∀x: P(x) = ∃x: ¬P(x)
- en ook: ¬(p ∧ q) = ¬p V ¬q
¬(p V q) = ¬p ∧ ¬q
¬(p ⇒ q) = p ∧ ¬q

Connected book
 image
Johan Quaegebeur, Wim Schoutens Wiskunde voor economen
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9789462701533 Edition: 1

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