OCTOBER 2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST
A ________ assumption is enough, on its own, to validate the conclusion -
ANSWER sufficient
A ________ assumption is required for the argument to hold, but may not be enough on its
own for the argument to hold - ANSWER necessary
assumption family wrong answer characteristics - ANSWER Premise booster
Conclusion redundancy
Opposite
Out of scope
Reverse logic
premise booster - ANSWER repeat/support what the premise states
conclusion redundancy - ANSWER repeats conclusion
opposites - ANSWER hurt the argument
out of scope - ANSWER fall outside of scope of argument
reverse logic - ANSWER reverse order of desired logic (incorrect contrapositive)
steps to answer assumption family questions - ANSWER 1. identify the core: premise ->
conclusion
2. evaluate the logic, does it hold?
, 3. what is the gap?
4. work wrong to right
necessary assumption question stems - ANSWER required for the argument
argument depend on
must be assumed
characteristics of necessary assumptions - ANSWER 1. do not need to fill the entire gap
2. correct answer will often eliminate a competing possibility
3. if you negate the correct answer, destroys argument
4. may not be able to predict answer
if an argument has several potential problems, often there are several __________
assumptions - ANSWER necessary
sufficient assumption question stems - ANSWER conclusion follows logically if it is
assumed
characteristics of sufficient assumptions - ANSWER 1. correct answer must fill the entire
gap
2. almost always will be able to predict answer
on easier _________ questions, the answer will be stated in concrete terms -
ANSWER flaw
flaw question stems - ANSWER reasoning error
fails to consider
most accurately expresses a flaw
argument is flawed because
CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST
A ________ assumption is enough, on its own, to validate the conclusion -
ANSWER sufficient
A ________ assumption is required for the argument to hold, but may not be enough on its
own for the argument to hold - ANSWER necessary
assumption family wrong answer characteristics - ANSWER Premise booster
Conclusion redundancy
Opposite
Out of scope
Reverse logic
premise booster - ANSWER repeat/support what the premise states
conclusion redundancy - ANSWER repeats conclusion
opposites - ANSWER hurt the argument
out of scope - ANSWER fall outside of scope of argument
reverse logic - ANSWER reverse order of desired logic (incorrect contrapositive)
steps to answer assumption family questions - ANSWER 1. identify the core: premise ->
conclusion
2. evaluate the logic, does it hold?
, 3. what is the gap?
4. work wrong to right
necessary assumption question stems - ANSWER required for the argument
argument depend on
must be assumed
characteristics of necessary assumptions - ANSWER 1. do not need to fill the entire gap
2. correct answer will often eliminate a competing possibility
3. if you negate the correct answer, destroys argument
4. may not be able to predict answer
if an argument has several potential problems, often there are several __________
assumptions - ANSWER necessary
sufficient assumption question stems - ANSWER conclusion follows logically if it is
assumed
characteristics of sufficient assumptions - ANSWER 1. correct answer must fill the entire
gap
2. almost always will be able to predict answer
on easier _________ questions, the answer will be stated in concrete terms -
ANSWER flaw
flaw question stems - ANSWER reasoning error
fails to consider
most accurately expresses a flaw
argument is flawed because
