Advanceda Pathophysiologya
Midterma 6501a 2025/2026
❖ A runnera has depleted all the oxygen available for
muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? Answer: Anaerobic
glycolysis
❖ What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane
potential that initiates an action potential? Answer:
Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell,
changing the membrane potential from negative to
positive.
❖ A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter
syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? Answer: XXY
❖ A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking
for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? Answer:
The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
❖ An aide asks the nurse why people who have
neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide? Answer: Expressivity
❖ In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which
information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? Answer: Cholesterol decreases the
membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces
its ability to carry oxygen.
,❖ When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how
should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an
_____ gene Answer: Autosomal recessive
❖ How are potassium and sodium transported across
plasma membranes? Answer: By adenosine triphosphate
enzyme (ATPase)
❖ The nurse would be correct in identifying the
predominant extracellular cation as: Answer:
Sodium
❖ The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic
reticulum results in: Answer: Reduced protein
synthesis
❖ What principle should the nurse remember when
trying to distinguish aging from diseases? Answer: It is
difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
❖ What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a
karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present?
Her features include a short stature, widely spaced
nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and
sparse body hair. Answer: Turner syndrome
❖ A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In
which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? Answer: Nucleolus
❖ The nurse is teaching staff about the most common
cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
, ❖ A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with
Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: Answer: Delayed age of onset
❖ A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down
syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? Answer:
Pregnancy in women over age 35
❖ What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth
and development
❖ A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on
skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will
support this diagnosis? Answer: Inability to convert
tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
❖ Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell
are a direct result of: Answer: Decreased ATP
production
❖ A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic
pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: Answer:
Plasma proteins
❖ The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+
simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport? Answer:
Symport
❖ A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a
stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report
to describe this condition? Answer: Tetraploidy
Midterma 6501a 2025/2026
❖ A runnera has depleted all the oxygen available for
muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? Answer: Anaerobic
glycolysis
❖ What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane
potential that initiates an action potential? Answer:
Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell,
changing the membrane potential from negative to
positive.
❖ A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter
syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? Answer: XXY
❖ A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking
for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? Answer:
The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
❖ An aide asks the nurse why people who have
neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide? Answer: Expressivity
❖ In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which
information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? Answer: Cholesterol decreases the
membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces
its ability to carry oxygen.
,❖ When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how
should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an
_____ gene Answer: Autosomal recessive
❖ How are potassium and sodium transported across
plasma membranes? Answer: By adenosine triphosphate
enzyme (ATPase)
❖ The nurse would be correct in identifying the
predominant extracellular cation as: Answer:
Sodium
❖ The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic
reticulum results in: Answer: Reduced protein
synthesis
❖ What principle should the nurse remember when
trying to distinguish aging from diseases? Answer: It is
difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
❖ What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a
karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present?
Her features include a short stature, widely spaced
nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and
sparse body hair. Answer: Turner syndrome
❖ A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In
which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? Answer: Nucleolus
❖ The nurse is teaching staff about the most common
cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
, ❖ A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with
Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: Answer: Delayed age of onset
❖ A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down
syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? Answer:
Pregnancy in women over age 35
❖ What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth
and development
❖ A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on
skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will
support this diagnosis? Answer: Inability to convert
tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
❖ Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell
are a direct result of: Answer: Decreased ATP
production
❖ A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic
pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: Answer:
Plasma proteins
❖ The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+
simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport? Answer:
Symport
❖ A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a
stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report
to describe this condition? Answer: Tetraploidy
