BIOL 373 Final Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Segmental Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mixing/churning
| | | |
maximizes exposure to digestive enzymes and epithelium
| | | | | |
alternate segments contract
| |
little or no net movement forward
| | | | |
Gut Motility - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-most gut muscle is a single unit of smooth
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
muscle connected by gap junctions
| | | |
contract as a single unit
| | | |
1) Tonic contraction
| |
2) Phasic contraction
| |
Between meals: | |
-migrating motor complexes | |
During/after meal: |
-peristaltic contractions |
,-segmental contractions |
Tonic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mins to hrs
| | | | | |
anterior part of stomach is tonically contracted
| | | | | |
- keeps food from moving backwards)
| | | | |
- smooth muscle sphincters
| | |
Phasic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-secs
| | | |
posterior stomach |
small intestine |
Slow Wave Potentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | |
Regulation of GI Function (3) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) Long reflexes, integrated
| | | | | | | | | | |
in CNS |
2) short reflexes, integrated within gut (enteric nervous system)
| | | | | | | |
3) reflexes involving gut peptides (paracrine or travel via blood - endocrine)
| | | | | | | | | | |
Secretions in the Gut - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) water and ions (into lumen, then
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reabsorbed)
|
, 2) enzymes
|
3) mucus
|
4) saliva
|
5) bile (from liver)
| | |
Secretion of Water and Ions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-(Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, H+)
| | | | | | | | | | |
ions secreted via membrane transporters
| | | |
water follows osmotic gradient
| | |
paracellular route | |
-water and ions in some regions can pass between cells
| | | | | | | | |
Ion Secretion Transporters (gut secretion) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Na+/K+ ATPase
| | | | | | | |
NKCC cotransporter|
Cl-/HCO3- exchanger |
Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) | |
H+/K+ ATPase |
Ion Secretion Channels (gut secretion) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-ENaC
| | | | | | |
K+ channels
|
Cl- channels (including CFTR)
| | |
Answers
Segmental Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mixing/churning
| | | |
maximizes exposure to digestive enzymes and epithelium
| | | | | |
alternate segments contract
| |
little or no net movement forward
| | | | |
Gut Motility - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-most gut muscle is a single unit of smooth
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
muscle connected by gap junctions
| | | |
contract as a single unit
| | | |
1) Tonic contraction
| |
2) Phasic contraction
| |
Between meals: | |
-migrating motor complexes | |
During/after meal: |
-peristaltic contractions |
,-segmental contractions |
Tonic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mins to hrs
| | | | | |
anterior part of stomach is tonically contracted
| | | | | |
- keeps food from moving backwards)
| | | | |
- smooth muscle sphincters
| | |
Phasic Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-secs
| | | |
posterior stomach |
small intestine |
Slow Wave Potentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | |
Regulation of GI Function (3) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) Long reflexes, integrated
| | | | | | | | | | |
in CNS |
2) short reflexes, integrated within gut (enteric nervous system)
| | | | | | | |
3) reflexes involving gut peptides (paracrine or travel via blood - endocrine)
| | | | | | | | | | |
Secretions in the Gut - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) water and ions (into lumen, then
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reabsorbed)
|
, 2) enzymes
|
3) mucus
|
4) saliva
|
5) bile (from liver)
| | |
Secretion of Water and Ions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-(Na+, Cl-, K+, HCO3-, H+)
| | | | | | | | | | |
ions secreted via membrane transporters
| | | |
water follows osmotic gradient
| | |
paracellular route | |
-water and ions in some regions can pass between cells
| | | | | | | | |
Ion Secretion Transporters (gut secretion) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Na+/K+ ATPase
| | | | | | | |
NKCC cotransporter|
Cl-/HCO3- exchanger |
Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) | |
H+/K+ ATPase |
Ion Secretion Channels (gut secretion) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-ENaC
| | | | | | |
K+ channels
|
Cl- channels (including CFTR)
| | |
