Bio 1100 Exam 2 Complete Questions
With Verified Answers
\.Stratum Corneum –
15 - 30 layers deep
Most superficial layer of epidermis
Dry, dead cells
Helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues
Provides mechanical protection against abrasion
\.What is a nuclear envelope?
double membrane enclosing the nucleus. Protein lined pores allow material to move in and out
\.What is chromatin?
uncoiled DNA plus associate proteins such as a histone that provides structural support for a
chromosome
\.What is the nucleolus and its function?
condensed region in nucleus where ribosomal RNA assembles ribosomes
\.What is the nucleus?
cell's central organelle, which contains the cell's DNA
\.What is a peroxisome?
lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification
\.Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins
\.Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesizes phospholipids, the main component of biological membranes, as well as steroid
hormones.
\.Cytoskeleton
,group of fibrous proteins that provide structural support for cells, are critical for cell motility,
cell reproduction, and transportation of substances within the cell.
\.Microtubules
form the mitotic spindle and maintain cell shape
\.Centrosome
microtubule organizing center
\.Intermediate filaments
fibrous proteins form the cellular cortex
\.plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
\.lysosome
digests food and waste materials
\.Golgi Appparatus
sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER.
\.cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
\.Mitochondria
produces energy
\.Cilia
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion, such
as dust, mucus, and bacteria upward through the airways, away from the lungs and toward the
mouth.
\.The endoplasmic reticulum is called rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) if mitochondria are
associated with the membrane. True or False
False
\.Organelles of the cell
\.What are the membrane lipids?
, phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol
\.What are the membrane proteins?
integral, peripheral, glycoproteins
\.what is a membrane carbohydrate?
glycocalyx
\.What does a glycocalyx?
a carbohydrate-enriched coating that plays critical roles in protection, recognition, and
interaction with the environment.
\.What is active transport
proceeds against the concentration gradient and requires an input of energy
\.what is passive transport
diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment
\.What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
\.what is osmosis
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
\.how does osmosis travel
from areas of high concentrations to areas of low concentration
\.What is a hypotonic solution
when the solute concentration is lower outside the cell, the cell will swell. Flows into RBC
\.what is a hypertonic solution
when the solute concentration is greater outside of the cell, the cell will shrink. Flows out RBC
\.Which of the following factors influences the rate at which diffusion takes place?
size of the particles, temperature, steepness of the concentration gradient
\.what is facilitated diffusion
The passive movement of a particle across a cell membrane via a channel protein.
With Verified Answers
\.Stratum Corneum –
15 - 30 layers deep
Most superficial layer of epidermis
Dry, dead cells
Helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues
Provides mechanical protection against abrasion
\.What is a nuclear envelope?
double membrane enclosing the nucleus. Protein lined pores allow material to move in and out
\.What is chromatin?
uncoiled DNA plus associate proteins such as a histone that provides structural support for a
chromosome
\.What is the nucleolus and its function?
condensed region in nucleus where ribosomal RNA assembles ribosomes
\.What is the nucleus?
cell's central organelle, which contains the cell's DNA
\.What is a peroxisome?
lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification
\.Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins
\.Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesizes phospholipids, the main component of biological membranes, as well as steroid
hormones.
\.Cytoskeleton
,group of fibrous proteins that provide structural support for cells, are critical for cell motility,
cell reproduction, and transportation of substances within the cell.
\.Microtubules
form the mitotic spindle and maintain cell shape
\.Centrosome
microtubule organizing center
\.Intermediate filaments
fibrous proteins form the cellular cortex
\.plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
\.lysosome
digests food and waste materials
\.Golgi Appparatus
sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER.
\.cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
\.Mitochondria
produces energy
\.Cilia
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion, such
as dust, mucus, and bacteria upward through the airways, away from the lungs and toward the
mouth.
\.The endoplasmic reticulum is called rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) if mitochondria are
associated with the membrane. True or False
False
\.Organelles of the cell
\.What are the membrane lipids?
, phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol
\.What are the membrane proteins?
integral, peripheral, glycoproteins
\.what is a membrane carbohydrate?
glycocalyx
\.What does a glycocalyx?
a carbohydrate-enriched coating that plays critical roles in protection, recognition, and
interaction with the environment.
\.What is active transport
proceeds against the concentration gradient and requires an input of energy
\.what is passive transport
diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment
\.What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
\.what is osmosis
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
\.how does osmosis travel
from areas of high concentrations to areas of low concentration
\.What is a hypotonic solution
when the solute concentration is lower outside the cell, the cell will swell. Flows into RBC
\.what is a hypertonic solution
when the solute concentration is greater outside of the cell, the cell will shrink. Flows out RBC
\.Which of the following factors influences the rate at which diffusion takes place?
size of the particles, temperature, steepness of the concentration gradient
\.what is facilitated diffusion
The passive movement of a particle across a cell membrane via a channel protein.
