RNPedia: PNLE NP1 Test 5 (Infection, Asepsis, Basic
Concept of Stress and Illness) Questions With Complete
Solutions
40. A 50 year old mailman carried a mail with anthrax powder
in it. A minute after exposure, he still hasn't developed any signs
and symptoms of anthrax. In what stage of infectious process
does this man belongs?
A. Incubation period
B. Prodromal period
C. Illness period
D. Convalescent period
A. Incubation period.
Anthrax can have an incubation period of hours to 7 days with
an average of 48 hours. Since the question stated exposure, we
can now assume that the mailman is in the incubation period.
41. Considered as the WEAKEST LINK in the chain of
infection that nurses can manipulate to prevent spread of
infection and diseases:
A. Etiologic/Infectious agent
B. Portal of Entry
C. Susceptible host
D. Mode of transmission
D. Mode of transmission.
Mode of transmission is the weakest link in the chain of
,infection. It is easily manipulated by the Nurses using the tiers
of prevention, either by instituting transmission-based
precautions, Universal precaution or Isolation techniques.
42. Which of the following is the exact order of the infection
chain?
1. Susceptible host
2. Portal of entry
3. Portal of exit
4. Etiologic agent
5. Reservoir
6. Mode of transmission
A. 1,2,3,4,5,6
B. 5,4,2,3,6,1
C. 4,5,3,6,2,1
D. 6,5,4,3,2,1
C. 4,5,3,6,2,1.
Chain of infection starts with the SOURCE: The etiologic agent
itself. It will first proliferate on a RESERVOIR and will need a
PORTAL OF EXIT to be able to TRANSMIT itself using a
PORTAL OF ENTRY to a SUSCEPTIBLE HOST. A simple
way to understand the process is by looking at the lives of a
young queen ant that is starting to build her colony. Imagine the
QUEEN ANT as a SOURCE or the ETIOLOGIC AGENT. She
first needs to build a COLONY, OR the RESERVOIR where
she will start to lay the first eggs to be able to produce her
worker ants and soldier ants to be able to defend and sustain the
,new colony. They need to EXIT [PORTAL OF EXIT] their
colony and crawl [MODE OF TRANSMISSION] in search of
foods by ENTERING / INVADING [PORTAL OF ENTRY] our
HOUSE [SUSCEPTIBLE HOST]. By imagining the Ant's life
cycle, we can easily arrange the chain of infection.
43. Markee, A 15 year old high school student asked you. What
is the mode of transmission of Lyme disease. You correctly
answered him that Lyme disease is transmitted via:
A. Direct contact transmission
B. Vehicle borne transmission
C. Air borne transmission
D. Vector borne transmission
D. Vector borne transmission.
Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia Burdorferi and is transmitted
by a TICK BITE.
44. The ability of the infectious agent to cause a disease
primarily depends on all of the following except:
A. Pathogenicity
B. Virulence
C. Invasiveness
D. Non-specificity
D. Non-specificity.
To be able to cause a disease, A pathogen should have a
TARGET ORGAN/S. The pathogen should be specific to these
organs to cause an infection. Mycobacterium Avium is NON-
, SPECIFIC to human organs and therefore, not infective to
humans but deadly to birds. An immunocompromised
individual, especially AIDS Patient, could be infected with these
NON-SPECIFIC diseases due to impaired immune system.
45. Contact transmission of infectious organism in the hospital is
usually cause by:
A. Urinary catheterization
B. Spread from patient to patient
C. Spread by cross contamination via hands of caregiver
D. Cause by unclean instruments used by doctors and nurses
C. Spread by cross contamination via hands of caregiver.
The hands of the caregiver like nurses, is the main cause of cross
contamination in hospital setting. That is why
HANDWASHING is the single most important procedure to
prevent the occurence of cross contamination and nosocomial
infection. D refers to Nosocomial infection and UTI is the most
common noscomial infection in the hospital caused by urinary
catheterization. E.Coli seems to be the major cause of this
incident. B best fits Cross Contamination, It is the spread of
microogranisms from patient o patient.
46. Transmission occurs when an infected person sneezes,
coughs or laugh that is usually projected at a distance of 3 feet.
A. Droplet transmission
B. Airborne transmission
Concept of Stress and Illness) Questions With Complete
Solutions
40. A 50 year old mailman carried a mail with anthrax powder
in it. A minute after exposure, he still hasn't developed any signs
and symptoms of anthrax. In what stage of infectious process
does this man belongs?
A. Incubation period
B. Prodromal period
C. Illness period
D. Convalescent period
A. Incubation period.
Anthrax can have an incubation period of hours to 7 days with
an average of 48 hours. Since the question stated exposure, we
can now assume that the mailman is in the incubation period.
41. Considered as the WEAKEST LINK in the chain of
infection that nurses can manipulate to prevent spread of
infection and diseases:
A. Etiologic/Infectious agent
B. Portal of Entry
C. Susceptible host
D. Mode of transmission
D. Mode of transmission.
Mode of transmission is the weakest link in the chain of
,infection. It is easily manipulated by the Nurses using the tiers
of prevention, either by instituting transmission-based
precautions, Universal precaution or Isolation techniques.
42. Which of the following is the exact order of the infection
chain?
1. Susceptible host
2. Portal of entry
3. Portal of exit
4. Etiologic agent
5. Reservoir
6. Mode of transmission
A. 1,2,3,4,5,6
B. 5,4,2,3,6,1
C. 4,5,3,6,2,1
D. 6,5,4,3,2,1
C. 4,5,3,6,2,1.
Chain of infection starts with the SOURCE: The etiologic agent
itself. It will first proliferate on a RESERVOIR and will need a
PORTAL OF EXIT to be able to TRANSMIT itself using a
PORTAL OF ENTRY to a SUSCEPTIBLE HOST. A simple
way to understand the process is by looking at the lives of a
young queen ant that is starting to build her colony. Imagine the
QUEEN ANT as a SOURCE or the ETIOLOGIC AGENT. She
first needs to build a COLONY, OR the RESERVOIR where
she will start to lay the first eggs to be able to produce her
worker ants and soldier ants to be able to defend and sustain the
,new colony. They need to EXIT [PORTAL OF EXIT] their
colony and crawl [MODE OF TRANSMISSION] in search of
foods by ENTERING / INVADING [PORTAL OF ENTRY] our
HOUSE [SUSCEPTIBLE HOST]. By imagining the Ant's life
cycle, we can easily arrange the chain of infection.
43. Markee, A 15 year old high school student asked you. What
is the mode of transmission of Lyme disease. You correctly
answered him that Lyme disease is transmitted via:
A. Direct contact transmission
B. Vehicle borne transmission
C. Air borne transmission
D. Vector borne transmission
D. Vector borne transmission.
Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia Burdorferi and is transmitted
by a TICK BITE.
44. The ability of the infectious agent to cause a disease
primarily depends on all of the following except:
A. Pathogenicity
B. Virulence
C. Invasiveness
D. Non-specificity
D. Non-specificity.
To be able to cause a disease, A pathogen should have a
TARGET ORGAN/S. The pathogen should be specific to these
organs to cause an infection. Mycobacterium Avium is NON-
, SPECIFIC to human organs and therefore, not infective to
humans but deadly to birds. An immunocompromised
individual, especially AIDS Patient, could be infected with these
NON-SPECIFIC diseases due to impaired immune system.
45. Contact transmission of infectious organism in the hospital is
usually cause by:
A. Urinary catheterization
B. Spread from patient to patient
C. Spread by cross contamination via hands of caregiver
D. Cause by unclean instruments used by doctors and nurses
C. Spread by cross contamination via hands of caregiver.
The hands of the caregiver like nurses, is the main cause of cross
contamination in hospital setting. That is why
HANDWASHING is the single most important procedure to
prevent the occurence of cross contamination and nosocomial
infection. D refers to Nosocomial infection and UTI is the most
common noscomial infection in the hospital caused by urinary
catheterization. E.Coli seems to be the major cause of this
incident. B best fits Cross Contamination, It is the spread of
microogranisms from patient o patient.
46. Transmission occurs when an infected person sneezes,
coughs or laugh that is usually projected at a distance of 3 feet.
A. Droplet transmission
B. Airborne transmission
