GMS 6552 Exam 2 with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
MODULE 5 - |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
An oncogene is defined as - a gene that causes or contributes to the development of cancer
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What are the two types of evidence for oncogenic behavior? - In vivo
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In vitro |||\\\
What are the 4 criteria for In vivo oncogenic behavior - Cause cancer when activated in a
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transgenic animal |||\\\ |||\\\
Render nontumorigenic cells tumorigenic |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Knock down or knock out in tumorigenic cells renders the cells nontumorigenic
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Activation/overexpression of the oncogene is strongly correlated with human cancer |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the 3 criteria for In vitro oncogenic behavior - Causes anchorage-independent growth
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in soft agar (protection from anoikis)
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Causes focus formation (loss of contact inhibition)
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Renders cells growth factor independent |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a GTPase that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - Ras
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What is an example of a Protein Kinases that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - Raf, Akt,
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BCR-ABL, Cdk4, Src |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Lipid Kinases that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - PI3-Kinase
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, What is an example of a Transcription factors that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - Myc,
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Fos, Jun, E2F1, ....
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What is an example of a Binding and inactivating apoptotic proteins that plays a biochemical
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role in oncogenes. - BCL2 |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunits that plays a biochemical role in
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oncogenes. - Cyclins A, E, and D |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Transcriptional coactivators that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes.
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- ß-Catenin, YAP, TAZ
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Five Ways to Activate Oncogenes - 1. Mutation of genes to make it overactive.
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2. Amplification of a normal gene
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3. Chromosomal Rearrangement
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4. Promoter/enhancer insertion
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5. Hypomethylation of oncogene
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What are some examples of Chromosome Rearrangement? (2) - Philadelphia chromosome.
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balanced reciprocal translocation t(9:22) in myeloid cells. Fuses 5' end of BCR gene (chr.22) to
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the coding region of oncogene ABL
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Burkitt's lymphoma t(8;14) juxtaposes Ig heavy chain locus promoter/enhancer region and MYC
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oncogene. Results in high levels of MYC transcription in B cells. The protein is normal but
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overexpressed.
What therapy choices do we have to treat HER2 breast cancer? - Herceptin, Pertuzumab, and
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Lapatinib
MODULE 5 - |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
An oncogene is defined as - a gene that causes or contributes to the development of cancer
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the two types of evidence for oncogenic behavior? - In vivo
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
In vitro |||\\\
What are the 4 criteria for In vivo oncogenic behavior - Cause cancer when activated in a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
transgenic animal |||\\\ |||\\\
Render nontumorigenic cells tumorigenic |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Knock down or knock out in tumorigenic cells renders the cells nontumorigenic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Activation/overexpression of the oncogene is strongly correlated with human cancer |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the 3 criteria for In vitro oncogenic behavior - Causes anchorage-independent growth
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
in soft agar (protection from anoikis)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Causes focus formation (loss of contact inhibition)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Renders cells growth factor independent |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a GTPase that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - Ras
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Protein Kinases that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - Raf, Akt,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
BCR-ABL, Cdk4, Src |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Lipid Kinases that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - PI3-Kinase
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, What is an example of a Transcription factors that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes. - Myc,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Fos, Jun, E2F1, ....
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Binding and inactivating apoptotic proteins that plays a biochemical
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
role in oncogenes. - BCL2 |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunits that plays a biochemical role in
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
oncogenes. - Cyclins A, E, and D |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an example of a Transcriptional coactivators that plays a biochemical role in oncogenes.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- ß-Catenin, YAP, TAZ
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Five Ways to Activate Oncogenes - 1. Mutation of genes to make it overactive.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2. Amplification of a normal gene
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3. Chromosomal Rearrangement
|||\\\ |||\\\
4. Promoter/enhancer insertion
|||\\\ |||\\\
5. Hypomethylation of oncogene
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are some examples of Chromosome Rearrangement? (2) - Philadelphia chromosome.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
balanced reciprocal translocation t(9:22) in myeloid cells. Fuses 5' end of BCR gene (chr.22) to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
the coding region of oncogene ABL
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Burkitt's lymphoma t(8;14) juxtaposes Ig heavy chain locus promoter/enhancer region and MYC
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
oncogene. Results in high levels of MYC transcription in B cells. The protein is normal but
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
overexpressed.
What therapy choices do we have to treat HER2 breast cancer? - Herceptin, Pertuzumab, and
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Lapatinib
