BPK 110 Final Review 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers |
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Differentiate between complete and incomplete proteins and provide typical
sources of each. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Complete proteins: Have all nine
essential amino acids.
Ex. Animal sources of protein (milk, meat)
Incomplete proteins: Lack one or more of the essential amino acids.
Ex. Plant sources of proteins (legumes)
Describe the molecular structure of proteins and the four levels of protein
structure. Which bonds are essential to each level of organization? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids folded
,into very specific patterns. Amino acids are linked together by peptide
bonds to form polypeptides.
Primary Structure: Polypeptide chain; peptide bonds.
Secondary Structure: Alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets; hydrogen
bonds between side chains in the polypeptide chains.
Tertiary Structure: Disulphide, hydrogen bonds between side chains.
Quaternary Structure: The binding of two or more polypeptide chains
together.
Define the key words: Denaturation, deamination, peptide bond,
polypeptide. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Denaturation: Refers to the alteration of a
protein's 3D structure (from heat, acid, cooking, etc.)
Deamination: The removal of the nitrogen group found on proteins
,Where/how does protein digestion occur in the body? Include key enzymes
involved in the process and their source organs. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. In the
mouth, chewing begins the mechanical breakdown of protein.
2. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin begin the
chemical digestion of protein.
3. In the small intestine, pancreatic proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin),
along with enzymes in the microvilli break down polypeptides into amino
acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides.
What risk is there in consuming isolates of single amino acids? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Similar amino acids sometimes use the same transporter, so
if there is an overabundance of one amino acid, it may block the absorption
of another (deficiency).
Outline the key functions of proteins. Use specific examples. - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1. Structure: Protein forms some of the base structure of bone,
ligaments, muscles, hair, and skin
2. Enzymes: Proteins that speed of the rate of chemical reactions
3. Transport: The hemoglobin protein in blood binds to oxygen and allows it
to be transported by red blood cells
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, 4. Protection from disease: Antibodies are proteins that help fight off
infection
5. Movement: Actin and myosin are proteins that allow muscles to contract
6. Fluid balance: Proteins found in blood draw in water, reducing chance of
edema
7. Energy extraction
Differentiate between kwashiorkor and marasmus. - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Kwashiorkor: Protein deficiency leading to fluid accumulation in the
abdomen, and a fatty liver
Marasmus: Protein and energy deficiency leading to the depletion of fat
stores and wasting of muscle
Contrast the potential benefits and risks of consuming a high protein diet. -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Benefits:
-May be associated with weight loss
-Can help build muscle mass
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Differentiate between complete and incomplete proteins and provide typical
sources of each. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Complete proteins: Have all nine
essential amino acids.
Ex. Animal sources of protein (milk, meat)
Incomplete proteins: Lack one or more of the essential amino acids.
Ex. Plant sources of proteins (legumes)
Describe the molecular structure of proteins and the four levels of protein
structure. Which bonds are essential to each level of organization? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids folded
,into very specific patterns. Amino acids are linked together by peptide
bonds to form polypeptides.
Primary Structure: Polypeptide chain; peptide bonds.
Secondary Structure: Alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets; hydrogen
bonds between side chains in the polypeptide chains.
Tertiary Structure: Disulphide, hydrogen bonds between side chains.
Quaternary Structure: The binding of two or more polypeptide chains
together.
Define the key words: Denaturation, deamination, peptide bond,
polypeptide. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Denaturation: Refers to the alteration of a
protein's 3D structure (from heat, acid, cooking, etc.)
Deamination: The removal of the nitrogen group found on proteins
,Where/how does protein digestion occur in the body? Include key enzymes
involved in the process and their source organs. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. In the
mouth, chewing begins the mechanical breakdown of protein.
2. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin begin the
chemical digestion of protein.
3. In the small intestine, pancreatic proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin),
along with enzymes in the microvilli break down polypeptides into amino
acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides.
What risk is there in consuming isolates of single amino acids? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Similar amino acids sometimes use the same transporter, so
if there is an overabundance of one amino acid, it may block the absorption
of another (deficiency).
Outline the key functions of proteins. Use specific examples. - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1. Structure: Protein forms some of the base structure of bone,
ligaments, muscles, hair, and skin
2. Enzymes: Proteins that speed of the rate of chemical reactions
3. Transport: The hemoglobin protein in blood binds to oxygen and allows it
to be transported by red blood cells
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, 4. Protection from disease: Antibodies are proteins that help fight off
infection
5. Movement: Actin and myosin are proteins that allow muscles to contract
6. Fluid balance: Proteins found in blood draw in water, reducing chance of
edema
7. Energy extraction
Differentiate between kwashiorkor and marasmus. - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Kwashiorkor: Protein deficiency leading to fluid accumulation in the
abdomen, and a fatty liver
Marasmus: Protein and energy deficiency leading to the depletion of fat
stores and wasting of muscle
Contrast the potential benefits and risks of consuming a high protein diet. -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Benefits:
-May be associated with weight loss
-Can help build muscle mass
