pathophysiology final exam study guide.

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NR 283 Pathophysiology-
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Final Exam Concept Review (Version 1)
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Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
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ScannenHomHteHopenenHopHStudeersnel




StudeersnelHwordtHnietHgesponsordHofHondersteundHdoorHeenHhogeschoolHofHuniversiteit
GedownloadHdoorHShaniyaHShabuHYohannanH()

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NRH283HFinalHExamHConceptHReviewH/HNR283HPathophysiologyHFinalHExamHStudyHGuideH(Latest)
:
Pathophysiology:HChamberlain

(Complete solutions and resources for the course exam)
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NRH283HPathophysiology
FinalHExamHConceptHReview
***ForHallHpreviousHcontentHcoveredHonHpreviousHexams,HpleaseHconsultHyourHpreviousHconceptHreviewHs
heets.HThisHisHnotHanHall-
inclusiveHlistHforHtopicsHtoHbeHcovered.HPleaseHbeHsureHtoHconsultHyourHsyllabusHandHlearningHplan.HThisHi
sHaHcomprehensiveHfinal.
***BeHsureHtoHcoverHpathophysiology,Hetiology,HclinicalHmanifestations,HnursingHconsiderations,Hdiagnos
ticHtestsHforHtheHfollowingHtopics:
Endocrine
SIADH-
HSyndromeHofHInappropriateHDiureticHHormoneHTooHmuchHADHH(antidiureticHhormoneH)Hsecre

tionHleadsHtoHwaterHintoxicationHandHhyponatremia
CausesHincludeHtrauma,Hstroke,HmalignanciesH(oftenHinHtheHlungsHorHpancreas),Hmedications,HandHstress
S/SHincludeHsignsHofHfluidHvolumeHoverload,HchangesHinHlevelHofHconsciousnessHandHmentalHstatusHchan
ges,HweightHgain,Hhypertension,Htachycardia,Hanorexia,Hnausea,Hvomiting,Hhyponatremia,HconcentratedHur
ine,HdecreasedHurineHoutput,HserumHosmolalityHdecreased
NursingHconsiderationsHincludeHmonitoringHvitalHsignsHandHcardiacHandHneurologicalHstatus,Hprovidin
gHaHsafeHenvironment,HparticularlyHforHtheHpatientHwithHchangesHinHlevelHofHconsciousnessHorHmentalHst
atus,HmonitoringHintakeHandHoutputHandHweightHdaily;HmonitoringHfluidHandHelectrolyteHbalance,Hmonit
oringHserumHandHurineHosmolality;HrestrictionHofHfluids


DIH(DiabetesHInsipidus)-
KidneyHtubulesHfailHtoHreabsorbHwaterHEtiologyHincludesHstrok
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eHorHtraumaHorHmayHbeHidiopathic
S/SHincludeHexcretionHofHlargeHamountsHofHdiluteHurine,Hpolydipsia,HdehydrationH(decreasedHskinHturgorH
andHdryHmucousHmembranes),HinabilityHtoHconcentrateHurine,HincreasedHurineHoutput,HurineHveryHdilute,HL
owHurinaryHspecificHgravity,Hfatigue,HmuscleHpainHandHweakness,Hheadache,HposturalHhypotensionHthatHm
ayHprogressHtoHvascularHcollapseHwithoutHrehydration,Htachycardia,Hhypernatremia
NursingHConsiderations:HmonitorHvitalHsignsHandHneurologicalHandHcardiovascularHstatus,HprovideHaHsa
feHenvironment,HparticularlyHforHtheHpatientHwithHposturalHhypotension;HmonitorHelectrolyteHlevelsHandHf
orHsignsHofHdehydration;HmaintainHpatientHintakeHofHadequateHfluids;HmonitorHintakeHandHouput,Hweight,H
serumHosmolalityHandHspecificHgravityHofHurine;HinstructHtheHpatientHtoHavoidHfoodsHand/orHliquidsHthatHp
roduceHdiuresis


Hyperthyroidism-
HTooHmuchHthyroidHhormoneH(T3HandHT4)HCharacterizedHbyHanHincreasedHrateHofHbodyHmetabolism

,GedownloadHdoorHShaniyaHShabuHYohannanH()

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CommonHcauseHisHGraves’Hdisease,HalsoHknownHasHtoxicHdiffuseHgoiter
S/SHinclude:HpersonalityHchangesHsuchHasHirritability,HagitationHandHmoodHswings,HnervousnessHandHfin
eHtremorsHofHtheHhands,HheatHintolerance,HweightHloss,Hsmooth,HsoftHskinHandHhair,Hpalpitations,HcardiacH
dysrhythmiasHsuchHasHtachycardiaHorHatrialHfibrillation,Hdiarrhea,HprotrudingHeyeballsH(exophthalmos)Hm
ayHbeHpresent,HdiaphoresisH(sweating),Hhypertension,HenlargedHthyroidHglandH(goiter)
NursingHConsiderations:HProvideHadequateHrest,HprovideHaHcoolHandHquietHenvironment,HprovideHaHhi
gh-
calorieHdiet,HobtainHdailyHweight,HavoidHadministrationHofHstimulants,HadministerHsedativesHasHprescrib
ed,HadministerHantithyroidHmedications,HadministerHbloodHpressureHmedicationHforHtachycardia,Hprepar
eHforHthyroidectomyHifHprescribed


Hypothyroidism-
HHyposecretionHofHthyroidHhormonesH(T3HandHT4)HCharacterizedHbyHaHdecreasedHrateHofHbodyHmetaboli

sm
Causes:HautoimmuneHdisease,HtreatmentHforHhyperthyroidism,HradiationHtherapy,HthyroidHsurgery,Hcert
ainHmedications
S/S:Hlethargy,Hfatigue,Hweakness,HmuscleHaches,Hparesthesias,HintoleranceHtoHcold,HweightHgain,HdryHs
kinHandHhairHandHlossHofHbodyHhair,Hbradycardia,Hconstipation,HgeneralizedHpuffinessHandHedemaHarou
ndHtheHeyesHandHfaceH(myxedema),HforgetfulnessHandHlossHofHmemory,HmenstrualHdisturbances,Hcardi
acHenlargement,HtendencyHtoHdevelopHheartHfailure,HgoiterHmayHorHmayHnotHbeHpresent


Hyperparathyroidism-HHypersecretionHofHparathyroidHhormoneH(PTH)
Causes:HTumor,HHyperplasia,HGenetics;HsecondaryHcauses-
severeHcalciumHorHvitaminHDHdeficiency,HchronicHkidneyHfailure
S/S:HHypercalcemiaHandHhypophosphatemia,HfatigueHandHmuscleHweakness,HskeletalHpainHandHtenderne
ss,HboneHdeformitiesHthatHresultHinHpathologicalHfractures,Hanorexia,Hnausea,Hvomiting,HepigastricHpain,H
weightHloss,Hconstipation,Hhypertension,HcardiacHdysrhythmias,HrenalHstones
NursingHConsiderations:HMonitorHvitalHsigns,HparticularlyHbloodHpressure;HmonitorHforHcardiacHdysrhythmia
s,HmonitorHforHintakeHandHoutputHandHforHsignsHofHrenalHstones,HmonitorHskeletalHpain,HmoveHtheHpatientHslow
lyHandHcarefully;HencourageHfluidHintake,HadministerHfurosemideH(Lasix)HasHprescribedHtoHlowerHcalciumHleve
ls,HadministerHphosphates,HwhichHinterfereHwithHcalciumHreabsorptionHasHprescribed,HadministerHcalcitoninHas
HprescribedHtoHdecreaseHtheHskeletalHcalciumHreleaseHandHincreaseHrenalHexcretionHofHcalcium,HmonitorHcalciu

mHandHphosphorusHlevels,HprepareHtheHpatientHforHparathyroidectomyHasHprescribed


Hypoparathyroidism-HyposecretionHofHparathyroidHhormoneH(PTH)
CanHoccurHfollowingHaHthyroidectomyHbecauseHofHremovalHofHparathyroidHtissue
S/S:HHypocalcemiaHandHhyperphosphatemia,HnumbnessHandHtinglingHinHtheHface,HmuscleHcrampsHandHcr
ampsHinHtheHabdomenHorHextremities,HpositiveHTrousseau’sHandHChvostek’sHsign,HsignsHofHovertHtetanyHs
uchHasHbronchospasm,Hlaryngospasm,HcarpopedalHspasm,Hdysphagia,Hphotophobia,HcardiacHdysrhythmia
s,Hseizures;Hhypotension,Hanxiety,Hirritability,Hdepression
NursingHConsiderations:HMonitorHvitalHsigns,HmonitorHforHsignsHofHhypocalcemiaHandHtetany,HinitiateHseizu
reHprecautions,HplaceHaHtracheostomyHset,HoxygenHandHsuctioningHequipmentHatHbedside,HprepareHtoHadmini
sterHcalciumHgluconateHintravenouslyHforHhypocalcemia,HprovideHaHhigh-calcium,Hlow-phosphorus