OROFACIAL FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS
Thyroid gland location and secretion - Answer -in the anterior and lateral regions of the
neck, inferior to the thyroid cartilage; produces and secretes its products or hormones
directly into the blood, such as thyroxine
Know the following locations of the regions of the face (frontal, mental, buccal,
temporal) - Answer -Frontal- forehead and the area above the eyes; mental- chin,
buccal- cheek forming the side of the face, orbital- the eyeball and all its supporting
structures, temporal- lateral to the eyes and inferior to the forehead
Masseter location and function - Answer -mastication muscle that is inferior to the
zygomatic arch and elevates the mandible
Lateral pterygoid location and function - Answer -mastication muscle that has an origin
on the infra temporal crest and lateral pterygoid plate and it protrudes and depresses
mandible, lateral excursion of mandible
Medial pterygoid location and function - Answer -mastication muscle that's origin is the
pterygoid plate and foams a and maxillary tuberosity and it elevates mandible
Sternocleidomastoid location and function - Answer -has an origin is the upper border
of the sternum and the medial one third of the clavicle or collarbone, is runs up and
bock on the side of the neck to insert into the mastoid process of the temporal bone and
it tilts and rotates the head
Platysma location and function - Answer -neck muscle that pulls corners of the mouth
down
Describe solar damage/scar tissue and the lips - Answer -disruption of the vermilion
zone and its mucocutaneous junction at the vermilion border; sunscreen can help
decrease this risk
Nares are separated by what? - Answer -Nasal septum
What bone is distal to the last molar in the maxillary arch? - Answer -Maxillary
tuberosity
Where is Linda alba found and what causes it? - Answer -it is a white ridge of calloused
tissue on the buccal mucosa that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary
and mandibular teeth come together and occlude can be associated with certain oral
parafunctional habits
, Define lingual papilla and location - Answer -certain surface of the tongue have small
elevated structures of specialized mucosa, some of which are associated with taste
buds
Incisive papilla and location - Answer -a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part
of the hard palate that is lingual to the anterior teeth
Define the 4 different types of lingual papilla and note location - Answer --Filiform
lingual papillae- which give the dorsal surface its velvety texture; -fungiform lingual
papillae- reddish small mushroom shaped dots on the dorsal surface;
-circumvallate lingual papillae- larger mushroom shaped lingual papillae that line up
along the anterior side of the sulcus terminal is on the body;
-foliage lingual papillae- vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the tongue
Where does ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm originate from? (What Embryonic
structure(s)? - Answer -Epiblast layer
Chromosomes for male and female XX or YY or XY...Know them - Answer -male is XY
female is XX
Treacher-Collins syndrome - define and know the cause - Answer -if there is failure of
migration of the NCCs to the facial region, TCS develops in the embryo. This results in
failure of specific areas of orofacial development, presenting with downward slanting
eyes, underdeveloped zygomatic bone, drooping lateral lower eyelids, and conductive
hearing loss, with malformed or absent ears as well ad dental developmental
disturbances, such as andontia with absent teeth, enamel dysplasia with abnormal
mineralization, and micrognathia with its small lower jaw.
Define ectodermal dysplasia - what can it cause? - Answer -Abnormal development of
one or more structures from ectoderm. This syndrome has a hereditary etiology and
presents with abnormalities of the teeth, skin, hair, nails, eyes, facial structures and
glands because these are derived from ectoderm or associated tissue.
Where does the epidermis develop from? - Answer -ectoderm
Define placodes - Answer -on the outer surface of the embryo are placodes, two
rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing
special sense organs. Facial area consists of two lens (eyes) placodes, two otic (ears)
placodes, and two nasal (nose) placodes.
What week of prenatal dev. Does facial development form? - Answer -facial
development of the embryo begins to form during the 4TH week of prenatal
development. The developing brain, face, and heart are noted.
Neck & Face development are completed in what period of prenatal dev?- - Answer -
The development of the neck parallels the development of the face over time, beginning
Thyroid gland location and secretion - Answer -in the anterior and lateral regions of the
neck, inferior to the thyroid cartilage; produces and secretes its products or hormones
directly into the blood, such as thyroxine
Know the following locations of the regions of the face (frontal, mental, buccal,
temporal) - Answer -Frontal- forehead and the area above the eyes; mental- chin,
buccal- cheek forming the side of the face, orbital- the eyeball and all its supporting
structures, temporal- lateral to the eyes and inferior to the forehead
Masseter location and function - Answer -mastication muscle that is inferior to the
zygomatic arch and elevates the mandible
Lateral pterygoid location and function - Answer -mastication muscle that has an origin
on the infra temporal crest and lateral pterygoid plate and it protrudes and depresses
mandible, lateral excursion of mandible
Medial pterygoid location and function - Answer -mastication muscle that's origin is the
pterygoid plate and foams a and maxillary tuberosity and it elevates mandible
Sternocleidomastoid location and function - Answer -has an origin is the upper border
of the sternum and the medial one third of the clavicle or collarbone, is runs up and
bock on the side of the neck to insert into the mastoid process of the temporal bone and
it tilts and rotates the head
Platysma location and function - Answer -neck muscle that pulls corners of the mouth
down
Describe solar damage/scar tissue and the lips - Answer -disruption of the vermilion
zone and its mucocutaneous junction at the vermilion border; sunscreen can help
decrease this risk
Nares are separated by what? - Answer -Nasal septum
What bone is distal to the last molar in the maxillary arch? - Answer -Maxillary
tuberosity
Where is Linda alba found and what causes it? - Answer -it is a white ridge of calloused
tissue on the buccal mucosa that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary
and mandibular teeth come together and occlude can be associated with certain oral
parafunctional habits
, Define lingual papilla and location - Answer -certain surface of the tongue have small
elevated structures of specialized mucosa, some of which are associated with taste
buds
Incisive papilla and location - Answer -a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part
of the hard palate that is lingual to the anterior teeth
Define the 4 different types of lingual papilla and note location - Answer --Filiform
lingual papillae- which give the dorsal surface its velvety texture; -fungiform lingual
papillae- reddish small mushroom shaped dots on the dorsal surface;
-circumvallate lingual papillae- larger mushroom shaped lingual papillae that line up
along the anterior side of the sulcus terminal is on the body;
-foliage lingual papillae- vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the tongue
Where does ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm originate from? (What Embryonic
structure(s)? - Answer -Epiblast layer
Chromosomes for male and female XX or YY or XY...Know them - Answer -male is XY
female is XX
Treacher-Collins syndrome - define and know the cause - Answer -if there is failure of
migration of the NCCs to the facial region, TCS develops in the embryo. This results in
failure of specific areas of orofacial development, presenting with downward slanting
eyes, underdeveloped zygomatic bone, drooping lateral lower eyelids, and conductive
hearing loss, with malformed or absent ears as well ad dental developmental
disturbances, such as andontia with absent teeth, enamel dysplasia with abnormal
mineralization, and micrognathia with its small lower jaw.
Define ectodermal dysplasia - what can it cause? - Answer -Abnormal development of
one or more structures from ectoderm. This syndrome has a hereditary etiology and
presents with abnormalities of the teeth, skin, hair, nails, eyes, facial structures and
glands because these are derived from ectoderm or associated tissue.
Where does the epidermis develop from? - Answer -ectoderm
Define placodes - Answer -on the outer surface of the embryo are placodes, two
rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing
special sense organs. Facial area consists of two lens (eyes) placodes, two otic (ears)
placodes, and two nasal (nose) placodes.
What week of prenatal dev. Does facial development form? - Answer -facial
development of the embryo begins to form during the 4TH week of prenatal
development. The developing brain, face, and heart are noted.
Neck & Face development are completed in what period of prenatal dev?- - Answer -
The development of the neck parallels the development of the face over time, beginning
