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UCI BIO 93 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the four most common elements in living matter? -
(ANSWER)Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living
matter.
Properties of Acids - (ANSWER)Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and
have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)Growth -- cell
contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)More growth and
preparation for division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)Mitosis (and
cytokinesis -- division of the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - (ANSWER)Prophase, Pre-metaphase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
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How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)3 -- G1 checkpoint,
G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint.
What is a Karyotype? - (ANSWER)A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched
with their homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - (ANSWER)A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells.
What is a haploid cell? - (ANSWER)A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - (ANSWER)the notochord (similar to a
spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - (ANSWER)the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - (ANSWER)the nervous system
(brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - (ANSWER)9 -- half
from mom and half from dad
Meiosis - (ANSWER)Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the
chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct
from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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What two structures does the chiasma connect? - (ANSWER)Non-sister
chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - (ANSWER)Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,
Telophase I & cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - (ANSWER)homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - (ANSWER)The chromosomes condense, the
nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle
forms.
What happens in metaphase 1? - (ANSWER)the pairs of homologous
chromosomes are now tightly condensed and coiled and become arranged on the
metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - (ANSWER)the pairs of chromosomes are pulled
apart by the spindle fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - (ANSWER)The homologous
chromosome pairs complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the
action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of chromosomes is at each pole, with
each chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms
around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
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What happens during meiosis 2? - (ANSWER)sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)A new spindle forms around
the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)Metaphase 2
chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)Centromeres divide
chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)A nuclear envelope
forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - (ANSWER)Synapsis and
crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes,
homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange corresponding genetic
information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different
alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - (ANSWER)Independent
assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes separate independently),
crossing over (genetic recombination, prophase 1), and random fertilization (any
egg can join with any sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
UCI BIO 93 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the four most common elements in living matter? -
(ANSWER)Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living
matter.
Properties of Acids - (ANSWER)Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and
have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)Growth -- cell
contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)More growth and
preparation for division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)Mitosis (and
cytokinesis -- division of the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - (ANSWER)Prophase, Pre-metaphase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
,2
How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)3 -- G1 checkpoint,
G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint.
What is a Karyotype? - (ANSWER)A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched
with their homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - (ANSWER)A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells.
What is a haploid cell? - (ANSWER)A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - (ANSWER)the notochord (similar to a
spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - (ANSWER)the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - (ANSWER)the nervous system
(brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - (ANSWER)9 -- half
from mom and half from dad
Meiosis - (ANSWER)Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the
chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct
from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
,3
What two structures does the chiasma connect? - (ANSWER)Non-sister
chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - (ANSWER)Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,
Telophase I & cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - (ANSWER)homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - (ANSWER)The chromosomes condense, the
nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle
forms.
What happens in metaphase 1? - (ANSWER)the pairs of homologous
chromosomes are now tightly condensed and coiled and become arranged on the
metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - (ANSWER)the pairs of chromosomes are pulled
apart by the spindle fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - (ANSWER)The homologous
chromosome pairs complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the
action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of chromosomes is at each pole, with
each chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms
around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
, 4
What happens during meiosis 2? - (ANSWER)sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)A new spindle forms around
the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)Metaphase 2
chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)Centromeres divide
chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - (ANSWER)A nuclear envelope
forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - (ANSWER)Synapsis and
crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes,
homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange corresponding genetic
information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different
alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - (ANSWER)Independent
assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes separate independently),
crossing over (genetic recombination, prophase 1), and random fertilization (any
egg can join with any sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
