mark klimek Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Rule of B's for ABGs - Correct answer-if the pH and the Bicarb are Both in the
same direction it is metaBolic
normal pH
normal Bicarb - Correct answer-pH: 7.35-7.45
Bicarb: 22-26
Kussmul respirations - Correct answer-MACkussmul= metabolic acidosis
S&S of acid-base imbalance - Correct answer-as the pH goes, so goes my patient
except for potassium
UP: (alkolosis):decreased K+, highest risk for seizures
DOWN: (acidosis): increased K+, highest risk for respiratory arrest
causes of respiratory acid-base imbalance - Correct answer-lung=respiratory
overvent or undervent
overvent= alkolosis
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,undervent=acidosis
causes of metabolic acid-base imbalance - Correct answer-not lung=metabolic
prolonged gastric vomiting or suction=metabolic alkolosis (losing acid)
everything else=metabolic acidosis
high pressured ventilator alarms - Correct answer-triggered by increase resistance
to air flow and can be caused by obstruction of three types:
kinked tube: unkink it
water in tube: empty it
mucus in airway: turn, cough, deep breathe
low pressured ventilator alarams - Correct answer-triggered by decreased
resistance to air flow and can be caused by disconnections:
tubing: reconnect if not contaminate
if contaminated (below bed level): call first, then bag, reconnect
respiratory alkalosis vs acidosis - Correct answer-alkalosis: ventilator setting may
be too high (overvent)
acidosis: ventilator setting may too low (undervent)
HOLD - Correct answer-high pressured alarms
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,obstruction
low pressured alarms
disconnection
Maslow - Correct answer-1. physiological
2. safety
3. comfort
4. psychological
5. social
6. spiritual
#1 problem in substance abuse - Correct answer-denial: refusal to accept the reality
of their problem
treatment: confront it by pointing out to the person the difference between what
they say and what they do.
however, in grief and loss support denial
dependency/codependency - Correct answer-dependency: when abuser gets SO to
do things for them or make decisions for them
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, codependency: when the SO derives positive self-esteem from doing things for or
making decisions for the abuser
treating dependency/codenpendency - Correct answer-set limits and enforce them.
agree in advance what requests are allowed then enforce the agreement
work on the self-esteem of the codependent person
manipulation - Correct answer-when abuser gets the SO to do things for him/her
that are no in the best interest of the SO. nature of the act is dangerous or harmful
to SO
treatment of manipulation - Correct answer-set limits and enforce them
easier to treat than dependency/codependency because no body likes being
manipulated
wenicke's korsakoff syndrome - Correct answer-psychosis caused by a lack of B1
(thiamine) deficiency
primary symptom: amnesia with confabulation
-preventable
-arrestable
-irreversible
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Answers
Rule of B's for ABGs - Correct answer-if the pH and the Bicarb are Both in the
same direction it is metaBolic
normal pH
normal Bicarb - Correct answer-pH: 7.35-7.45
Bicarb: 22-26
Kussmul respirations - Correct answer-MACkussmul= metabolic acidosis
S&S of acid-base imbalance - Correct answer-as the pH goes, so goes my patient
except for potassium
UP: (alkolosis):decreased K+, highest risk for seizures
DOWN: (acidosis): increased K+, highest risk for respiratory arrest
causes of respiratory acid-base imbalance - Correct answer-lung=respiratory
overvent or undervent
overvent= alkolosis
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,undervent=acidosis
causes of metabolic acid-base imbalance - Correct answer-not lung=metabolic
prolonged gastric vomiting or suction=metabolic alkolosis (losing acid)
everything else=metabolic acidosis
high pressured ventilator alarms - Correct answer-triggered by increase resistance
to air flow and can be caused by obstruction of three types:
kinked tube: unkink it
water in tube: empty it
mucus in airway: turn, cough, deep breathe
low pressured ventilator alarams - Correct answer-triggered by decreased
resistance to air flow and can be caused by disconnections:
tubing: reconnect if not contaminate
if contaminated (below bed level): call first, then bag, reconnect
respiratory alkalosis vs acidosis - Correct answer-alkalosis: ventilator setting may
be too high (overvent)
acidosis: ventilator setting may too low (undervent)
HOLD - Correct answer-high pressured alarms
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,obstruction
low pressured alarms
disconnection
Maslow - Correct answer-1. physiological
2. safety
3. comfort
4. psychological
5. social
6. spiritual
#1 problem in substance abuse - Correct answer-denial: refusal to accept the reality
of their problem
treatment: confront it by pointing out to the person the difference between what
they say and what they do.
however, in grief and loss support denial
dependency/codependency - Correct answer-dependency: when abuser gets SO to
do things for them or make decisions for them
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, codependency: when the SO derives positive self-esteem from doing things for or
making decisions for the abuser
treating dependency/codenpendency - Correct answer-set limits and enforce them.
agree in advance what requests are allowed then enforce the agreement
work on the self-esteem of the codependent person
manipulation - Correct answer-when abuser gets the SO to do things for him/her
that are no in the best interest of the SO. nature of the act is dangerous or harmful
to SO
treatment of manipulation - Correct answer-set limits and enforce them
easier to treat than dependency/codependency because no body likes being
manipulated
wenicke's korsakoff syndrome - Correct answer-psychosis caused by a lack of B1
(thiamine) deficiency
primary symptom: amnesia with confabulation
-preventable
-arrestable
-irreversible
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
