NSG 3280 REVISED MOST TESTED EXAM 2025

NSG 3280 REVISED MOST TESTED EXAM 2025 Etiology of herpes - -herpes virus contact with skin and mucous membranes; persists in latent form in trigeminal nerve and other ganglia HSV-1 - -occurs above the waist; common on the lips, face, and mouth• Healing in 10 to 14 days; Persists in a latent form Stress can exacerbate it Contact transmission no cure HSV-2 - -responsible for most infections in the genital region sexually/contact transmitted Clinical manifestations of HSV - -usually begins with burning or tingling sensation, followed by pustules, ulcers, vesicles, and erythema; pain common Is there a cure for herpes? - -no but there is treament to keep breakouts under control or stop them completely What is the treatment for HSV? - -Antivirals like acyclovir. herpes zoster (shingles) - -acute inflammatory disease of a dermatomal segment of the skin along the spinal nerves or spinal tract (Dorsal root ganglia) Shingles vaccine is available and for what age? - -50 What does shingles look like? - -Cluster of fluid-filled blisters, often in a band erythematous bases usually unilaterally typically in patients over 60 or people with weak immune support Mid torso, shoulder/neck, or side of face Shingles treatments - -gabapentin for severe cases Fungal infections etiology - -microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton tinea pedis - -fungal infection of the foot; athlete's foot tinea capitis - -ringworm of the scalp NSG 3280 NSG 3280 Clinical manifestation of fungal infections - -Erythematous• Macules/papules or plaques with peripheral scalingand central clearing• Vesicular lesions• Nail thickening and discoloration Yeast infections - -undiagnosed immunodeficiencydisorder of superficial infection of skin and/ormucous membranes Monitor overuse of antibiotics because __________ - -this can cause a disruption of normal flora Thrush - -oral candidiasis in the newborn can happen in adults too Intertrigo - -Chafing of the skin Impetigo - -staph or strep Clinical manifestation of impetigo - -o Bullous: veiscles, pustules → golden *honey colored* crust, MC type o Nonbullous: rapidly progresses from small to large bullae → rupture "varnish like crusts" → fever, diarrhea HIGHLY INFECTIOUS Becomes non -infectious when it dries up seborrheic dermatitis - -an inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp high oil production seborrheic dermatitis clinical manifestations - -various degrees of scaling and erythema in areas of high oil gland concentration; for example cradle cap and dandruff around nose and face areas Psoriasis - -Unknown cause, possibly autoimmune chronic condition of a silvery, scaly white patches Psoriasis Clinical Manifestations - -Lesions are red, raised skin covered by silvery scale which are often dry and pruritic. If scales pulled away the base is red and will often bleed. Often in joints skin cells are created faster and replenished faster NSG 3280 NSG 3280 ance vulgaris - -obstruction of follicles due to cells andoils result in an inflamed lesion; arises when sludgingof sebaceous oils and deposition of loose epithelialcells Psoriasis treatment - -corticosteroids, however, it can cause immunosuppression and hyperglycemia atopic dermatitis - -gene-to-gene or gene-to-environment reaction results in the loss of naturalmoisturizing factors atopic dermatitis clinical manifestations - -pruritus, inflammation ,dermatitis, eczematous, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis; risk factor is history of asthma contact dermatitis - -An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are used in cosmetology. allergic contact (hypersensitivity to previously used agent) and Rhus dermatitis (exposure to poison oak or ivy) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - -infected tick bites and burrows intothe host and feeds releasing rickettsiae into theblood stream; followed by a rash - within 4 to 8days symptomatic rocky mountain spotted fever clinical manifestations - -• Initially papule (raised) or macule (flat) • 4 to 8 days - fever, headache, muscle aches, nausea,vomiting• Rash on write or ankle, then spreads; macule andmaculopapular appearance • Other symptoms include generalized edema,conjunctivitis, petechial lesions, photophobia, lethargy,confusion, cranial nerve deficits • Burrows may be observed Lyme disease - -bite of tick that carries the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease clinical manifestations - -• Stage 1. Papules that itch and burn • Stage 2. Meningitis, cranial nervepalsies, and peripheral neuropathy • Stage 3. Oligoarticular arthritis Scabies - -eggs laid by Sarcoptes scabiei mite(called scabies) on the stratum corneum, eggs hatch into larvae, and in 3 to 4 days they grow to adult hood; usually contracted after close contact with infested person Scabies clinical manifestations - -mall, erythematous papules, itching, dry scale or crust around finger webs, wrist, umbilicus, and groin area. pediculosis - -infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear NSG 3280 NSG 3280 Scleroderma - -occurs spontaneously, massive collagen deposition with fibrosis accompanied by inflammatory reactions and vascular changes in the capillary network; can be localized or diffuse Scleroderma clinical manifestation localized - -skin lesions single or multiple, violet colored, firm, inelastic macule and plaques that enlarge slowly, can have hair loss; lesions shrivel slowly and spontaneously effects circulation Scleroderma clinical manifestations diffuse - -acute onset of muscle pain, weakness, fever, arthralgia and puffy erythematous eruption over face an eyelid. progresses over time to hardened skin including the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract which become semi-rigid, lungs and heart fibrosis, bone resorbe