Page 1 of 133
NUTR 280 EXAM 2 ACTUAL TEST ALL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS JUST
RELEASED THIS YEAR
where does the plant get water from, and what does it donate to help make glucose
plants get water through their roots, and water donated hydrogen and some oxygen
where does the plant get carbon dioxide from, and what does it donate to help make glucose
carbon dioxide is absorbed through the leaves, and it donated carbon and oxygen
how do plants get their energy through glucose
the bonds between water and carbon dioxide breaking releases energy
what is the storage form of glucose in plants
starch
significance of chlorophyll
captures the sun's energy
what happens to light energy captured by chlorophyll
it becomes the chemical energy of the bonds that allow H2O and CO2 to combine and form
glucose
what molecules does glucose consist of
, Page 2 of 133
6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
do plant use all of their glucose/starch?
no, the starch and its energy are available for our use when we consume plants
what is the definition of a simple carbohydrate
a single sugar unit or linked pair
what are the 6 simple CHOs important in nutrition
glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, maltose
which 3 CHOs are monosaccharides and which 3 are disaccharides
glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides, and lactose, sucrose, and maltose are
disaccharides
how is glucose defined
primary form of CHO used to provide evergy in the body. "blood sugar" and "dextrose"
how is fructose defined what what are some sources
fruit sugar - the sweetest of the monosaccharides. Sources: fruit, honey, component of table
sugar, and any products containing high-fructose corn syrup
disaccharides always contain at least one of what molecule?
glucose
what composes lactose
glucose + galactose. (milk sugar)
what composes sucrose
, Page 3 of 133
glucose + fructose. (table sugar. sweetness is from fructose. comes from cane sugar and beets)
what composes maltose
glucose + glucose.
what is the disaccharide that remains after the hydrolysis of starch
maltose
what begins to break down starch in the mouth
salivary amylase
how are monosaccharides absorbed
digestion is NOT required. they are absorbed directly into mucosal cells in the small intestine,
and exit via capillaries to go to the bloodstream and head to the liver from there.
how are disaccharides digested/absorbed
enzymes attached to the microvilli split disaccharides into monosaccharides, then absorbed like
a monosaccharide
what is the definition of a complex carbohydrate
aka polysaccharides. they are many sugar units linked together
what are the 3 complex carbohydrates important to nutrition
starch, glycogen, and fiber
what is starch
CHO found in plants, made of many glucose molecules linked in straight or branched chains. Is
the storage form of glucose in plants
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examples of where we consume starches
grain products, beans/peas/lentils, corn, potatoes, other starchy vegetables
what is glycogen
the storage form of glucose in humans and animals
where is glycogen made
the liver
where is glycogen stored
the liver and muscle tissue
what is the main difference between starch and glycogen and why is it significant
glycogen chains are longer and more highly branched than starch. this is important because it
allows glycogen to be broken down quickly to provide needed glucose for energy
what is fiber
chain of glucose unit
can fiber be broken down by human digestive enzymes
no
what can break down fiber, and what is the process called
bacteria in the large intestine can break down SOME fiber via fermentation
what are the two types of fiber
insoluble and soluble fiber
NUTR 280 EXAM 2 ACTUAL TEST ALL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS JUST
RELEASED THIS YEAR
where does the plant get water from, and what does it donate to help make glucose
plants get water through their roots, and water donated hydrogen and some oxygen
where does the plant get carbon dioxide from, and what does it donate to help make glucose
carbon dioxide is absorbed through the leaves, and it donated carbon and oxygen
how do plants get their energy through glucose
the bonds between water and carbon dioxide breaking releases energy
what is the storage form of glucose in plants
starch
significance of chlorophyll
captures the sun's energy
what happens to light energy captured by chlorophyll
it becomes the chemical energy of the bonds that allow H2O and CO2 to combine and form
glucose
what molecules does glucose consist of
, Page 2 of 133
6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen
do plant use all of their glucose/starch?
no, the starch and its energy are available for our use when we consume plants
what is the definition of a simple carbohydrate
a single sugar unit or linked pair
what are the 6 simple CHOs important in nutrition
glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, maltose
which 3 CHOs are monosaccharides and which 3 are disaccharides
glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides, and lactose, sucrose, and maltose are
disaccharides
how is glucose defined
primary form of CHO used to provide evergy in the body. "blood sugar" and "dextrose"
how is fructose defined what what are some sources
fruit sugar - the sweetest of the monosaccharides. Sources: fruit, honey, component of table
sugar, and any products containing high-fructose corn syrup
disaccharides always contain at least one of what molecule?
glucose
what composes lactose
glucose + galactose. (milk sugar)
what composes sucrose
, Page 3 of 133
glucose + fructose. (table sugar. sweetness is from fructose. comes from cane sugar and beets)
what composes maltose
glucose + glucose.
what is the disaccharide that remains after the hydrolysis of starch
maltose
what begins to break down starch in the mouth
salivary amylase
how are monosaccharides absorbed
digestion is NOT required. they are absorbed directly into mucosal cells in the small intestine,
and exit via capillaries to go to the bloodstream and head to the liver from there.
how are disaccharides digested/absorbed
enzymes attached to the microvilli split disaccharides into monosaccharides, then absorbed like
a monosaccharide
what is the definition of a complex carbohydrate
aka polysaccharides. they are many sugar units linked together
what are the 3 complex carbohydrates important to nutrition
starch, glycogen, and fiber
what is starch
CHO found in plants, made of many glucose molecules linked in straight or branched chains. Is
the storage form of glucose in plants
, Page 4 of 133
examples of where we consume starches
grain products, beans/peas/lentils, corn, potatoes, other starchy vegetables
what is glycogen
the storage form of glucose in humans and animals
where is glycogen made
the liver
where is glycogen stored
the liver and muscle tissue
what is the main difference between starch and glycogen and why is it significant
glycogen chains are longer and more highly branched than starch. this is important because it
allows glycogen to be broken down quickly to provide needed glucose for energy
what is fiber
chain of glucose unit
can fiber be broken down by human digestive enzymes
no
what can break down fiber, and what is the process called
bacteria in the large intestine can break down SOME fiber via fermentation
what are the two types of fiber
insoluble and soluble fiber
