Natural Science Biology: Exam 2
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1. Photosynthesis process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert
water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as
sugars and starches
2. light reactions The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). These
reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast or on
membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy
of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process.
3. dark reactions Reactions of photosynthesis that do not require light but use energy produced and
stored during light reactions to make glucose
4. reactants of pho- carbon dioxide, water, and energy
tosynthesis
5. products of pho- glucose and oxygen
tosynthesis
6. Equation for pho- 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) +energy-------> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
tosynthesis (oxygen)
7. Rubisco Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the
addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate).
8. cellular respira- Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules
tion in the presence of oxygen
9. Glycolysis the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
10. Acetyle CoA Acetyl Coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major
role in metabolism and starts the Krebs Cycle
11. Krebs cycle second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into
carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
1/8
, Natural Science Biology: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58mhle
12. electron trans- a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are
port chain used to convert ADP into ATP
13. reactants of cellu- glucose and oxygen
lar respiration
14. products of cellu- carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
lar respiration
15. ATP synthase Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group
together to produce ATP
16. potential energy stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
17. Kintetic energy the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion
18. chemical energy A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
19. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
20. Cholroplast Where photosynthesis takes place and plants produce their own food. Only in plant
cells; always green in color
21. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
22. ADP + P ATP is converted to _______ when releasing energy for powering cellular process-
es.
23. Cholrophyll principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light
energy
24. Carotenoids Accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosyn-
thesis.
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58mhle
1. Photosynthesis process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert
water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as
sugars and starches
2. light reactions The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). These
reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast or on
membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy
of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process.
3. dark reactions Reactions of photosynthesis that do not require light but use energy produced and
stored during light reactions to make glucose
4. reactants of pho- carbon dioxide, water, and energy
tosynthesis
5. products of pho- glucose and oxygen
tosynthesis
6. Equation for pho- 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) +energy-------> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
tosynthesis (oxygen)
7. Rubisco Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the
addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate).
8. cellular respira- Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules
tion in the presence of oxygen
9. Glycolysis the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
10. Acetyle CoA Acetyl Coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major
role in metabolism and starts the Krebs Cycle
11. Krebs cycle second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into
carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
1/8
, Natural Science Biology: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58mhle
12. electron trans- a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are
port chain used to convert ADP into ATP
13. reactants of cellu- glucose and oxygen
lar respiration
14. products of cellu- carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
lar respiration
15. ATP synthase Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group
together to produce ATP
16. potential energy stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
17. Kintetic energy the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion
18. chemical energy A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
19. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
20. Cholroplast Where photosynthesis takes place and plants produce their own food. Only in plant
cells; always green in color
21. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
22. ADP + P ATP is converted to _______ when releasing energy for powering cellular process-
es.
23. Cholrophyll principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light
energy
24. Carotenoids Accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosyn-
thesis.
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