NURS 216 - CARDIOVASCULAR COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM ALREADY
GRADED A+ PASS
Cardiovascular disease Ans✓✓✓Most frequent cause of death in Canada
Hypertension is the most common form of CVD
Idiopathic hypertension Ans✓✓✓We don't know the cause (90%)
How do we target hypertension therapy? Ans✓✓✓Treat it as a symptom
for the rest of the patients life
When does clot formation become an issue? Ans✓✓✓Once we see clots
forming - they can lodge in the heart, brain, or eyes
Average adult blood volume Ans✓✓✓5.5 L
Vasodilation - effects on the body Ans✓✓✓Dizziness (decreased blood
to the brain)
Decreased perfusion to vital organs
Headache
Where are baroreceptors located? Ans✓✓✓Carotid sinuses
Aortic arch
,Glomerulus in kidneys
What part of the brain adjusts our BP according to the baroreceptors?
Ans✓✓✓Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland: hypotension compensation Ans✓✓✓Norepinephrine
causes vasoconstriction
Aldosterone + prorenin = renin
Aldosterone decreases Na secretion, causing vasoconstriction
Liver and renin Ans✓✓✓1. Produces angiotensin 1 (not active)
2. Produces angiotensin 2 (active), causing vasoconstriction
Posterior pituitary gland and hypotension Ans✓✓✓Releases ADH
- Decreases urine production
- Increases vasoconstriction ("vasopressin")
Nitric oxide and hypotension Ans✓✓✓Decreases Ca influx =
vasodilation
Blood volume influence on BP Ans✓✓✓Bleeding ↓
Fluid loss ↓
Fluid retention ↑
, Peripheral resistance influence on BP Ans✓✓✓SNS ↑ and PNS ↓
activity
Renin/angiotensin II ↑
Increase in blood viscosity (thickness) ↑
Cardiac output influence on BP Ans✓✓✓Stroke volume
Heart rate
Components of blood Ans✓✓✓55% plasma
45% formed elements
Components of plasma Ans✓✓✓91% water
7% proteins (albumins, fibrinogen)
2% other solutes (electrolytes, nutrients)
Components of formed elements Ans✓✓✓Red blood cells (millions)
Platelets (hundreds of thousands)
White blood cells (thousands)
Organs affected by hypertension Ans✓✓✓Kidneys (failure)
Heart (CAD, failure, MI)
Brain (stroke, vascular dementia)
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM ALREADY
GRADED A+ PASS
Cardiovascular disease Ans✓✓✓Most frequent cause of death in Canada
Hypertension is the most common form of CVD
Idiopathic hypertension Ans✓✓✓We don't know the cause (90%)
How do we target hypertension therapy? Ans✓✓✓Treat it as a symptom
for the rest of the patients life
When does clot formation become an issue? Ans✓✓✓Once we see clots
forming - they can lodge in the heart, brain, or eyes
Average adult blood volume Ans✓✓✓5.5 L
Vasodilation - effects on the body Ans✓✓✓Dizziness (decreased blood
to the brain)
Decreased perfusion to vital organs
Headache
Where are baroreceptors located? Ans✓✓✓Carotid sinuses
Aortic arch
,Glomerulus in kidneys
What part of the brain adjusts our BP according to the baroreceptors?
Ans✓✓✓Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland: hypotension compensation Ans✓✓✓Norepinephrine
causes vasoconstriction
Aldosterone + prorenin = renin
Aldosterone decreases Na secretion, causing vasoconstriction
Liver and renin Ans✓✓✓1. Produces angiotensin 1 (not active)
2. Produces angiotensin 2 (active), causing vasoconstriction
Posterior pituitary gland and hypotension Ans✓✓✓Releases ADH
- Decreases urine production
- Increases vasoconstriction ("vasopressin")
Nitric oxide and hypotension Ans✓✓✓Decreases Ca influx =
vasodilation
Blood volume influence on BP Ans✓✓✓Bleeding ↓
Fluid loss ↓
Fluid retention ↑
, Peripheral resistance influence on BP Ans✓✓✓SNS ↑ and PNS ↓
activity
Renin/angiotensin II ↑
Increase in blood viscosity (thickness) ↑
Cardiac output influence on BP Ans✓✓✓Stroke volume
Heart rate
Components of blood Ans✓✓✓55% plasma
45% formed elements
Components of plasma Ans✓✓✓91% water
7% proteins (albumins, fibrinogen)
2% other solutes (electrolytes, nutrients)
Components of formed elements Ans✓✓✓Red blood cells (millions)
Platelets (hundreds of thousands)
White blood cells (thousands)
Organs affected by hypertension Ans✓✓✓Kidneys (failure)
Heart (CAD, failure, MI)
Brain (stroke, vascular dementia)
