BSC 1005 Final Revised Exam 2025

BSC 1005 Final Revised Exam 2025 Mitochondria Described as the "powerhouse of the cell" Animal cell Natural selection (or adaptations?) Process by which organisms become better adapted to their environment through the preservation of favorable traits Communication Action or signal on the part of one organism that alters the behavior of another organism Kinetic A bicycle riding down a hill is a form of ____________ energy Capsid The protein container surrounding the genetic material (dna or rna) of a virus Amino acids A codon ultimately codes for _______________. Membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus) A eukaryotic cell is different from a prokaryotic cell because it has ___________________________. Golgi complex functions by ____________________________. Processing and packaging proteins, lipids, and other molecules for for export to other locations inside and outside of the cell Nucleotide A monosaccharide sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base ________________. Niche Its place in the community; the way an organism utilizes the resources of its environment, including the space it requires, the food it consumes, and timing of reproduction BCS 1005 BCS 1005 Gene Portion of dna that codes for a particular protein is ________ Sporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid) Alternation of generations in the plant life cycle Ecosystem Is a community of biological organisms and the non-living environmental components with which they interact Basic viral structure consists of ____________ Genetic material inside a container made of a protein; some viruses also contain s few enzymes 1) a nucleic acid genome (dna or rna) 2) a protein capsid that covers the genome. Together this is called the nucleocapsid Symbiotic Both organisms benefit in a ____________ relationship Bubbles come from the leaves of an elodea plant when it is put under water because ____________ Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis Chitin is used in _________ The rigid outer skeleton of most insects and crustaceans Sucrose, hydrogen Dehydration synthesis makes __________ when a molecule of _________ is removed from both glucose and fructose Disaccharide 2 simple sugars bonded together (polysaccharides formed by the union of 2 sugars) Virus Dna and protein capsids make up a ______________ Chromosomes Eukaryotic dna is divided up in to small manageable pieces known as ____________ Mutation, natural selection, adaptation BCS 1005 BCS 1005 Evolution begins with ______________, then ___________ occurs, leading to________. Evolution occurs via ________ , ________ , ________ , and __________ :mutation, genetic drift, migration, and natural selection (when there's a change in allele frequencies of a population). Female flower parts are __________ while male parts are ____________. Pistil, stigma, style, ovary, and ovule stamen, anther, filament Inherited alleles from father If a baby has "his father's nose," it's because: Gtaatc If a sequence of dna is cattag, what would be the complementary dna sequence? Atacgt If the sequence of nitrogen bases in rna is uaugca, what would have been the complementary base sequence of the original dna prior to transcription? In any dna molecule, the number of guanine bases is _______ Always equal to the number of cytosine bases Bb, oo In seuss plants blue snurfs (b) are dominant over pink snurfs (b), and orange cardles (o) are dominant over green cardles (o). What would be the genotype of a plant that is heterozygous for snurf color and has green cardles? Instincts are __________ Innate (inborn) behaviors; doesn't require environmental input Sunlight Life gains most of its energy from __________ List 3 types of consumers: Herbivores (primary); carnivores (secondary), "top" (tertiary) carnivores Many antibiotics become less effective after a few years because ________. Bacteria and other microbes have developed a variety of ways to resist antibiotics BCS 1005 BCS 1005 4, haploid Meiosis results in __________ cells with a _________ number of chromosomes Monosaccharides The simplest carbohydrates and the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates (aka as simple sugars; ex. Glucose, fructose Longer trunks adapted to environment Natural selection can drive longer trunks in elephants by __________ Energy One of the following things in the environment is not recycled. Which is it? Spiders Phylum arthropoda has characteristics like ________ Jellyfish Phylum cnidaria is characterized by __________ Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrate formed by the union of many simple sugars Prokaryotic cells A cell bound by a plasma membrane enclosing the cell contents (cytoplasm, dna, and ribosomes); there is no nucleus or other organelles Nucleus Prokaryotic cells may contain all of the following except: __________ Observations Scientific study always begins with _________ Amino acid The basic subunit of a protein is a(n): _________ Transcription, translation The expression of a gene to form a protein occurs in two major steps. What are these two steps in their correct chronological order? The first law of thermodynamics states _________________________ Physical law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another Solar BCS 1005 BCS 1005 The main source of energy that drives global climate is ______ 7 The ph scale defines neutral as ph of ________ The second law of thermodynamics states _________ A physical law that states that every conversion of energy is not perfectly efficient and invariably includes the transformation of some energy into heat Cell The smallest form of life is known as _______ Atom The smallest form of matter is known as _______ Biology The study of living things is________. Ecology The study of organisms and their environments is ________ Mitochondria This organelle, _________ , is the site for the process of cellular respiration Triglyceride Three fatty acid chains and a glycerol molecule will make ________ Transcription is: _________ Process by which a gene's base sequence is copied to mrna Spinal cord What are the major characteristics of all the chordates? They have no nucleus Which of the following descriptions is true of bacteria? Beneficial symbiosis Which of the following is an example of mutualism?