EEOB 3310 Exam 2 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
hybridization |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fertile |interbreeding |offspring |of |two |different |species
Clade |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |group |that |shares |a |common |ancestor
monophyletic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |taxon |comprised |of |all |of |the |descendants |of |a |
common |ancestor
paraphyletic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-taxa |that |represent |some, |but |not |all |of |the |descendants
|of |a |common |ancestor
node |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-part |of |a |tree |where |one |lineage |splits |into |2 |or |more |lineages
root |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-base |of |the |tree, |ancestor
outgroup |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-taxon |considered |a |priori |to |be |sister |to |the |other |taxa
lineage |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-branch |on |the |phylogenetic |tree
terminal |taxa |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-extant |species |at |the |tips |of |the |tree
extant |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-currently |living |species |(moose, |but |not |T. |rex)
sister |taxa |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |species |that |share |a |common |ancestor
,synapomorphy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unique |trait |that |is |exclusive |to |members |of |a |clade
basal |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-base |of |the |tree; |the |most |ancestral |species
maximum |parsimony |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-tree |with |fewest |total |changes |for |homologous |
characteristics
Why |does |population |size |matter |for |genetic |drift? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |large |sample |
from |a |population |will |come |closer |to |the |approximate |mean |of |a |population |than |a |small |
sample
How |does |genetic |drift |influence |evolution? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--removing |genetic |
variation |from |populations, |decreasing |the |heterozygosity
-influencing |the |probability |of |survival |of |new |mutations
Morphological |Species |Concept |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--species |are |defined |based |on |
morphological |similarities |and |differences
-rigorous |analysis |of |the |phenotype |used |to |identify |the |limits |of |species
Phylogenetic |Species |Concept |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--recognize |species |by |large |scale |
phylogenetic |clades
-all |organisms |related |via |descent |with |modification
-when |two |species |form, |genetic |variation |contained |within |the |common |ancestor |will |begin |
to |sort |and |eventually |species |will |be |genetically |distinct |and |monophyletic
Biological |Species |Concept |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--groups |of |interbreeding |or |potentially |
interbreeding |populations |make |up |a |species
-reproductive |isolation
,-forms |the |legal |basis |of |the |US |Endangered |Species |Act
Requirements |for |reinforcement |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--hybrid |matings |must |occur |in |nature
-selection |against |hybridization |(if |inferred |from |displacement |in |secondary |male, |then |
displacement |is |detectable |by |females)
-variation |must |be |heritable
-displacement |must |not |have |occurred |for |other |reasons
Assumptions |of |John-Maynard |Smith's |model |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--the |number |of |
offspring |is |not |dependent |on |whether |or |not |a |female |is |sexual |or |asexual
-the |female's |reproductive |mode |does |not |affect |the |probability |that |her |offspring |will |survive
Theories |by |Felsenstein, |divide |population |genetic |models |for |benefit |of |sex |into |two |general |
theories |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--genetic |drift |creates |linkage |disequilibrium
-selection |on |multilocus |genotypes |create |linkage |disequilibrium
Requirements |for |speciation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--populations |are |isolated
-trait |divergence
-reproductive |isolation
What |are |Phylogenies? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--historic |organismal |lineages |as |they |change |
through |time
-record |of |descent |with |modification
-record |of |cladogenesis, |the |formation |of |two |or |more |lineages |from |an |ancestral |lineage
Difference |between |phylogenies |and |cladograms? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--phylograms |list |
the |number |of |changes
-cladograms |do |not
, How |are |phylogenies |estimated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--phenetic |(distance) |approaches
-cladistic |parsimony |approaches |(morphological |data)
-maximum |likelihood |statistical |approaches |(DNA |sequence)
How |are |phylogenies |used |by |biologists? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--understand |evolution |of |
major |groups |or |features
-date |important |events
-study |interactions |among |organisms |and |understand |coevolution
-classify |organisms
-test |hypotheses
-understand |trait |evolution
Assumptions |of |HWE |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--no |selection, |alleles |are |not |adaptive
-no |mutation, |no |new |alleles |are |introduced |via |point |mutations
-no |migration, |no |new |alleles |are |introduced |via |the |movement |of |individuals
-no |genetic |drift, |population |size |is |large
-no |non-random |mating, |each |individual |has |an |equal |chance |of |producing |offspring |with |any |
of |the |opposite |sex
T/F: |Mutation |alone |is |not |a |rapid |mechanism |for |evolution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-True
Deleterious |alleles |can |be |maintained |in |a |population |because: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |
are |constantly |reintroduced |via |mutation
mutation-selection |equilibrium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |the |rate |that |alleles |are |
introduced |(by |mutation) |is |equal |to |the |rate |that |the |allele |is |eliminated |(by |selection) |in |a |
population
Correct Answers
hybridization |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-fertile |interbreeding |offspring |of |two |different |species
Clade |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |group |that |shares |a |common |ancestor
monophyletic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |taxon |comprised |of |all |of |the |descendants |of |a |
common |ancestor
paraphyletic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-taxa |that |represent |some, |but |not |all |of |the |descendants
|of |a |common |ancestor
node |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-part |of |a |tree |where |one |lineage |splits |into |2 |or |more |lineages
root |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-base |of |the |tree, |ancestor
outgroup |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-taxon |considered |a |priori |to |be |sister |to |the |other |taxa
lineage |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-branch |on |the |phylogenetic |tree
terminal |taxa |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-extant |species |at |the |tips |of |the |tree
extant |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-currently |living |species |(moose, |but |not |T. |rex)
sister |taxa |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |species |that |share |a |common |ancestor
,synapomorphy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unique |trait |that |is |exclusive |to |members |of |a |clade
basal |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-base |of |the |tree; |the |most |ancestral |species
maximum |parsimony |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-tree |with |fewest |total |changes |for |homologous |
characteristics
Why |does |population |size |matter |for |genetic |drift? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |large |sample |
from |a |population |will |come |closer |to |the |approximate |mean |of |a |population |than |a |small |
sample
How |does |genetic |drift |influence |evolution? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--removing |genetic |
variation |from |populations, |decreasing |the |heterozygosity
-influencing |the |probability |of |survival |of |new |mutations
Morphological |Species |Concept |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--species |are |defined |based |on |
morphological |similarities |and |differences
-rigorous |analysis |of |the |phenotype |used |to |identify |the |limits |of |species
Phylogenetic |Species |Concept |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--recognize |species |by |large |scale |
phylogenetic |clades
-all |organisms |related |via |descent |with |modification
-when |two |species |form, |genetic |variation |contained |within |the |common |ancestor |will |begin |
to |sort |and |eventually |species |will |be |genetically |distinct |and |monophyletic
Biological |Species |Concept |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--groups |of |interbreeding |or |potentially |
interbreeding |populations |make |up |a |species
-reproductive |isolation
,-forms |the |legal |basis |of |the |US |Endangered |Species |Act
Requirements |for |reinforcement |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--hybrid |matings |must |occur |in |nature
-selection |against |hybridization |(if |inferred |from |displacement |in |secondary |male, |then |
displacement |is |detectable |by |females)
-variation |must |be |heritable
-displacement |must |not |have |occurred |for |other |reasons
Assumptions |of |John-Maynard |Smith's |model |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--the |number |of |
offspring |is |not |dependent |on |whether |or |not |a |female |is |sexual |or |asexual
-the |female's |reproductive |mode |does |not |affect |the |probability |that |her |offspring |will |survive
Theories |by |Felsenstein, |divide |population |genetic |models |for |benefit |of |sex |into |two |general |
theories |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--genetic |drift |creates |linkage |disequilibrium
-selection |on |multilocus |genotypes |create |linkage |disequilibrium
Requirements |for |speciation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--populations |are |isolated
-trait |divergence
-reproductive |isolation
What |are |Phylogenies? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--historic |organismal |lineages |as |they |change |
through |time
-record |of |descent |with |modification
-record |of |cladogenesis, |the |formation |of |two |or |more |lineages |from |an |ancestral |lineage
Difference |between |phylogenies |and |cladograms? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--phylograms |list |
the |number |of |changes
-cladograms |do |not
, How |are |phylogenies |estimated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--phenetic |(distance) |approaches
-cladistic |parsimony |approaches |(morphological |data)
-maximum |likelihood |statistical |approaches |(DNA |sequence)
How |are |phylogenies |used |by |biologists? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--understand |evolution |of |
major |groups |or |features
-date |important |events
-study |interactions |among |organisms |and |understand |coevolution
-classify |organisms
-test |hypotheses
-understand |trait |evolution
Assumptions |of |HWE |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--no |selection, |alleles |are |not |adaptive
-no |mutation, |no |new |alleles |are |introduced |via |point |mutations
-no |migration, |no |new |alleles |are |introduced |via |the |movement |of |individuals
-no |genetic |drift, |population |size |is |large
-no |non-random |mating, |each |individual |has |an |equal |chance |of |producing |offspring |with |any |
of |the |opposite |sex
T/F: |Mutation |alone |is |not |a |rapid |mechanism |for |evolution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-True
Deleterious |alleles |can |be |maintained |in |a |population |because: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |
are |constantly |reintroduced |via |mutation
mutation-selection |equilibrium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |the |rate |that |alleles |are |
introduced |(by |mutation) |is |equal |to |the |rate |that |the |allele |is |eliminated |(by |selection) |in |a |
population
