PSYCH 350 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
_______________ of psychological knowledge are often called researchers, while
________________ of psychological knowledge are often called practitioners. - Answer
-producers, consumers
_____________ involves detailing characteristics or behaviors of interest,
______________ involves demonstrating that characteristics or behaviors are related to
each other, and __________ involves establishing that changes in one characteristic or
behavior leads to changes in another. - Answer -description, prediction, understanding
Intuition, authority, rational induction, and empiricism are each a useful source of
______________, but only the latter is an accepted source of ______________. -
Answer -hypotheses, knowledge
_______________ hypotheses are related to descriptive knowledge,
__________________ hypotheses to predictive knowledge, __________________
hypotheses to understanding - Answer -attributive, associative, causal
______________ hypotheses are about the description of characteristics or behaviors,
_______________ hypotheses are about the statistical relationships between
characteristics or behaviors, and ______________ hypotheses are about how
characteristics or behaviors influence each other - Answer -attributive, associative,
causal
__________ comes only from rational induction, while __________ comes from
empirical research - Answer -proof, probabilistic conclusion
applications of the research loop involve _____________ studies of new research
hypotheses, _____________ studies of previous research to test the reproducibility of
previous research findings, ___________ studies to test the specificity and
generalizability of previous research findings. - Answer -initial, replication, convergent
the ________ approach is based on the idea that one properly completed study will give
us reliable and correct knowledge, while the ______ approach is based on the idea that
reliable and correct knowledge is only obtained from repeating the exact and similar
studies to find a pattern of consistent findings - Answer -critical experiment, converging
operations
________ validity is about causal interpretability, _________ validity is about
generalizability, ___________ validity is about proper representation of characteristics
or behaviors with our data, and ___________ validity is about correctly deciding
whether or not two characteristics or behaviors are related - Answer -internal, external,
measurement, statistical
, ________ is the component of external validity related to who is in the study,
___________ is the component related to where the study is conducted, _________ is
the component related to what participants do and interact with during the study, and
_________ is the component related to when the study is conducted - Answer -
population, setting, task/stimuli, societal/temporal
a _______ sample looks like the target population, while a _________ sample is one
procedure used to obtain this goal - Answer -representative, random
a _________ sampling frame includes the identity of or access to all members of the
target population, while a __________ sampling frame includes the identity of or access
to individuals who are expected to represent the target population - Answer -complete,
purposive
each member of a ___________ selected sample is individually chosen from the
sampling frame and approached to participate in the research, while those from a
___________ selected sample respond a general invitation to the sampling frame -
Answer -researcher, self
in a ________ sampling plan, each member of the sampling frame has an equal
probability of selection, while in a __________ sampling plan each member of a given
subsection fo the sampling frame has an equal probability of selection - Answer -
simple, stratified
a __________ includes all members of the groups to which the researcher would like to
generalize the results of the research, while the _______ is a list or access process for
the groups - Answer -population, sampling frame
the _________ sample includes all those selected to complete a study, while the
___________ sample includes all those who actually complete participation in the study
- Answer -selected, data
_________ is when the results from a study tells us about a broad range or populations,
settings, task/stimuli, and societal/temporal possibilities, while _________ is when the
results from a study tells us about a specific combination of population, setting,
task/stimuli, and societal/temporal event - Answer -generalizability, applicability
population, setting, task/stimulus, and societal/temporal are the components of
________ validity, while initial equivalence and ongoing equivalence are the
components of _________ validity - Answer -external, internal
__________ validity is about generalization and _______ validity is about causal
interpretability - Answer -external, internal
all participants have the same value of a __________, participants' different
characteristics or behaviors lead them to have different values of ______________,
_______________ of psychological knowledge are often called researchers, while
________________ of psychological knowledge are often called practitioners. - Answer
-producers, consumers
_____________ involves detailing characteristics or behaviors of interest,
______________ involves demonstrating that characteristics or behaviors are related to
each other, and __________ involves establishing that changes in one characteristic or
behavior leads to changes in another. - Answer -description, prediction, understanding
Intuition, authority, rational induction, and empiricism are each a useful source of
______________, but only the latter is an accepted source of ______________. -
Answer -hypotheses, knowledge
_______________ hypotheses are related to descriptive knowledge,
__________________ hypotheses to predictive knowledge, __________________
hypotheses to understanding - Answer -attributive, associative, causal
______________ hypotheses are about the description of characteristics or behaviors,
_______________ hypotheses are about the statistical relationships between
characteristics or behaviors, and ______________ hypotheses are about how
characteristics or behaviors influence each other - Answer -attributive, associative,
causal
__________ comes only from rational induction, while __________ comes from
empirical research - Answer -proof, probabilistic conclusion
applications of the research loop involve _____________ studies of new research
hypotheses, _____________ studies of previous research to test the reproducibility of
previous research findings, ___________ studies to test the specificity and
generalizability of previous research findings. - Answer -initial, replication, convergent
the ________ approach is based on the idea that one properly completed study will give
us reliable and correct knowledge, while the ______ approach is based on the idea that
reliable and correct knowledge is only obtained from repeating the exact and similar
studies to find a pattern of consistent findings - Answer -critical experiment, converging
operations
________ validity is about causal interpretability, _________ validity is about
generalizability, ___________ validity is about proper representation of characteristics
or behaviors with our data, and ___________ validity is about correctly deciding
whether or not two characteristics or behaviors are related - Answer -internal, external,
measurement, statistical
, ________ is the component of external validity related to who is in the study,
___________ is the component related to where the study is conducted, _________ is
the component related to what participants do and interact with during the study, and
_________ is the component related to when the study is conducted - Answer -
population, setting, task/stimuli, societal/temporal
a _______ sample looks like the target population, while a _________ sample is one
procedure used to obtain this goal - Answer -representative, random
a _________ sampling frame includes the identity of or access to all members of the
target population, while a __________ sampling frame includes the identity of or access
to individuals who are expected to represent the target population - Answer -complete,
purposive
each member of a ___________ selected sample is individually chosen from the
sampling frame and approached to participate in the research, while those from a
___________ selected sample respond a general invitation to the sampling frame -
Answer -researcher, self
in a ________ sampling plan, each member of the sampling frame has an equal
probability of selection, while in a __________ sampling plan each member of a given
subsection fo the sampling frame has an equal probability of selection - Answer -
simple, stratified
a __________ includes all members of the groups to which the researcher would like to
generalize the results of the research, while the _______ is a list or access process for
the groups - Answer -population, sampling frame
the _________ sample includes all those selected to complete a study, while the
___________ sample includes all those who actually complete participation in the study
- Answer -selected, data
_________ is when the results from a study tells us about a broad range or populations,
settings, task/stimuli, and societal/temporal possibilities, while _________ is when the
results from a study tells us about a specific combination of population, setting,
task/stimuli, and societal/temporal event - Answer -generalizability, applicability
population, setting, task/stimulus, and societal/temporal are the components of
________ validity, while initial equivalence and ongoing equivalence are the
components of _________ validity - Answer -external, internal
__________ validity is about generalization and _______ validity is about causal
interpretability - Answer -external, internal
all participants have the same value of a __________, participants' different
characteristics or behaviors lead them to have different values of ______________,
