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CS 7638 Midterm 1 Study Guide | Probability, Histograms, Kalman & Particle Filters | Practice Questions & Solutions

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Prepare for CS 7638 Midterm 1 with this focused technical review covering key concepts in probability, histograms, Kalman filtering, and particle filtering. The material is organized to support concept review and problem-solving practice while helping students identify areas that need additional attention. Topics represented include probability concepts, probability distributions, histogram-based representations, uncertainty, state estimation, Kalman-filter concepts, particle-filter concepts, and related problem-solving methods. Ideal for CS 7638 Midterm 1 review, robotics and AI study, probability practice, filtering concepts, and exam preparation.

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CS 7638 MIDTERM 1 (FALL 2025) -
PROBABILITY, HISTOGRAM FILTERS,
KALMAN FILTERS, PARTICLE FILTERS,
BICYCLE MOTION GRADED A+




1 of 54

Definition



The location probabilities in a robot's grid cell become uniform if
you move the robot infinite times with inaccurate robot motion.



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have no effect on distribution increase distribution




limit distribution localization

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2 of 54

Term



policy map



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Maps each cell to the
best action Maps each cell to the worst action




Maps each cell to a neutral action Maps each cell to a random action


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3 of 54

Term



Q: Assuming a cyclical world and exact motion, what is the
probability that the robot is in cell 2 be after TWO
movements to the right?


cell [probability]: 1 [0.3] | 2 [0.4] | 3 [0.2]



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, 0.3 0.2




0.4 0.1


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4 of 54

Definition



never overestimates the cost to reach the goal



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Admissable heuristic Particle filter




Resampling Limit distribution


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5 of 54

Term



Q: What is the formula for the new mean after the
prediction / motion update?



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, sigma^2 + r^2, where r is the
stdev of the measurement and mu + U, where U is the
sigma is the stdev of the motion with the same units
estimated robot position as mu (e.g. 10 m).




Z = H * x, where H is n x D,
where n is the number of x' = F * x, where F is DxD
position elements, and D is the
number of dimensions


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6 of 54

Definition



The probability of a robot's location shifts with its
movement. This assumes there is 0 noise.




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a* search resampling




localization exact motion


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7 of 54

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