Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
What potent drug used for pain control was derived from opium? - (answer)Morphine
All of the following are reasons why procaine was NOT as desirable as lidocaine for pain control EXCEPT
one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - (answer)D. It was addictive
Injectable amides are recommended over esters because there is: - (answer)A and B (Less risk of allergic
reactions and Increased potency)
What drug did Horace Wells first introduce into dentistry for pain control? - (answer)Nitrous Oxide
What is the most popular local anesthetic used in the US today? - (answer)Lidocaine
What is the definition of pain threshold? - (answer)The point at which a sensation starts to be painful
and discomfort results
What is pain perception? - (answer)A neurologic experience of pain related to the process of receiving
pain stimuli and transmission of this pain to the brain that differs little among individuals
what is pain? - (answer)The sensation of discomfort that the patient feels, ranging from mild to severe
What is pain reaction? - (answer)Personal interpretation and responses to the pain message that is
highly variable among individuals
Pain can be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - (answer)D.
Positive attitude
What theory helps dental hygienists understand the relationship between human-need fulfillment and
human behavior? - (answer)Human-needs theory
What is the definition of stress? - (answer)A physical and emotional response to a particular situation
,Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
Which of the following may negatively influence the pain reaction threshold? - (answer)Fear
If a patient has a high pain threshold, he or she will experience more intense pain than a patient who
has a low pain threshold. - (answer)False
Which of the following is the personal interpretation and response to the pain message, and is highly
variable among individuals? - (answer)Pain reaction
In what year was the first local anesthetic introduced? - (answer)1884
It is best to schedule apprehensive patients for long appointments to complete as much work as
possible, and it is best to schedule these appointments in the morning. - (answer)Both statements are
NOT correct.
What percentage of patients has reported to have had onset of dental anxiety by adolescence? -
(answer)50-85%
Which of the following are signs of moderate anxiety? - (answer)B and C only (History of frequently
missed appointments and History of emergency appointments only)
What is the best method of managing an anxious patient? - (answer)Prevention
A stimulus is an electrical message from one part of the body to another. An impulse is an
environmental change in an excitable tissue. - (answer)e first statement is correct, but the second is
NOT.
Which fibers are the principle fibers in the transmission of sharp, bright dental pain? - (answer)Aδ fibers
Local anesthetics work by: - (answer)Penetrating the nerve to inhibit Na+ influx
,Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
Local anesthetics mostly have their effect on myelinated nerves in which way? - (answer)Mostly at the
node of Ranvier
The minimal threshold stimulus required to excite a C fiber will also be sufficient to stimulate an A fiber.
- (answer)False
When energy for conduction is derived from the nerve cell membrane itself and is no longer dependent
on the stimulus for continuance, the conduction is considered to be: - (answer)Self-propagating
The absolute refractory period occurs during the fraction of a millisecond when a nerve fiber can be
excited only by a much stronger stimulus than the initial stimulus. - (answer)False
Saltatory conduction refers to: - (answer)Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated nerve
fiber
What is the type of glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system? - (answer)Schwann
Myelin (lipoprotein sheath) is composed of: - (answer)Approximately 75% lipid, 20% protein, and 5%
carbohydrate
The sympathetic division is involved with the "rest or digest" response. The parasympathetic division is
known as the "fight or flight" response. - (answer)NEITHER statement is CORRECT
The afferent division consists of all incoming information traveling along sensory or afferent pathways.
The efferent divisions consist of all outgoing information along motor or efferent pathways. -
(answer)Both statements are CORRECT
What is the outer layer of the myelin sheath that wraps the entire nerve is called? - (answer)Epineurium
, Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
The axon hillock: - (answer)Decides whether to send the impulse further down the axon
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant outside the plasma membrane? -
(answer)Sodium
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant inside the plasma membrane? -
(answer)Potassium
The electrical potential of nerve axoplasm in the resting state is approximately: - (answer)-70 mV
Mantle bundles will be anesthetized first by a local anesthetic compared with core bundles. -
(answer)True
Chemical synapses use chemical transmitters called: - (answer)Neurotransmitters
The "all-or-none principle" occurs: - (answer)Once a nerve is excited by the minimal threshold level
Infection and inflammation cause the following effects when administering a local anesthetic: -
(answer)Increased tissue vascularity, which can inactivate the local anesthetic more rapidly
All of the following are desirable properties of local anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the
EXCEPTION? - (answer)Slow biotransformation
Which characteristic enhances the effectiveness of local anesthetics? - (answer)High lipid solubility
Where is the action site for local anesthetic? - (answer)The calcium receptors
Which part of the chemical structure of the local anesthetic determines if the local anesthetic agent is
classified as an ester or an amide? - (answer)Intermediate chain
What potent drug used for pain control was derived from opium? - (answer)Morphine
All of the following are reasons why procaine was NOT as desirable as lidocaine for pain control EXCEPT
one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - (answer)D. It was addictive
Injectable amides are recommended over esters because there is: - (answer)A and B (Less risk of allergic
reactions and Increased potency)
What drug did Horace Wells first introduce into dentistry for pain control? - (answer)Nitrous Oxide
What is the most popular local anesthetic used in the US today? - (answer)Lidocaine
What is the definition of pain threshold? - (answer)The point at which a sensation starts to be painful
and discomfort results
What is pain perception? - (answer)A neurologic experience of pain related to the process of receiving
pain stimuli and transmission of this pain to the brain that differs little among individuals
what is pain? - (answer)The sensation of discomfort that the patient feels, ranging from mild to severe
What is pain reaction? - (answer)Personal interpretation and responses to the pain message that is
highly variable among individuals
Pain can be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - (answer)D.
Positive attitude
What theory helps dental hygienists understand the relationship between human-need fulfillment and
human behavior? - (answer)Human-needs theory
What is the definition of stress? - (answer)A physical and emotional response to a particular situation
,Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
Which of the following may negatively influence the pain reaction threshold? - (answer)Fear
If a patient has a high pain threshold, he or she will experience more intense pain than a patient who
has a low pain threshold. - (answer)False
Which of the following is the personal interpretation and response to the pain message, and is highly
variable among individuals? - (answer)Pain reaction
In what year was the first local anesthetic introduced? - (answer)1884
It is best to schedule apprehensive patients for long appointments to complete as much work as
possible, and it is best to schedule these appointments in the morning. - (answer)Both statements are
NOT correct.
What percentage of patients has reported to have had onset of dental anxiety by adolescence? -
(answer)50-85%
Which of the following are signs of moderate anxiety? - (answer)B and C only (History of frequently
missed appointments and History of emergency appointments only)
What is the best method of managing an anxious patient? - (answer)Prevention
A stimulus is an electrical message from one part of the body to another. An impulse is an
environmental change in an excitable tissue. - (answer)e first statement is correct, but the second is
NOT.
Which fibers are the principle fibers in the transmission of sharp, bright dental pain? - (answer)Aδ fibers
Local anesthetics work by: - (answer)Penetrating the nerve to inhibit Na+ influx
,Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
Local anesthetics mostly have their effect on myelinated nerves in which way? - (answer)Mostly at the
node of Ranvier
The minimal threshold stimulus required to excite a C fiber will also be sufficient to stimulate an A fiber.
- (answer)False
When energy for conduction is derived from the nerve cell membrane itself and is no longer dependent
on the stimulus for continuance, the conduction is considered to be: - (answer)Self-propagating
The absolute refractory period occurs during the fraction of a millisecond when a nerve fiber can be
excited only by a much stronger stimulus than the initial stimulus. - (answer)False
Saltatory conduction refers to: - (answer)Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated nerve
fiber
What is the type of glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system? - (answer)Schwann
Myelin (lipoprotein sheath) is composed of: - (answer)Approximately 75% lipid, 20% protein, and 5%
carbohydrate
The sympathetic division is involved with the "rest or digest" response. The parasympathetic division is
known as the "fight or flight" response. - (answer)NEITHER statement is CORRECT
The afferent division consists of all incoming information traveling along sensory or afferent pathways.
The efferent divisions consist of all outgoing information along motor or efferent pathways. -
(answer)Both statements are CORRECT
What is the outer layer of the myelin sheath that wraps the entire nerve is called? - (answer)Epineurium
, Local Anesthesia for the Dental Hygienist
The axon hillock: - (answer)Decides whether to send the impulse further down the axon
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant outside the plasma membrane? -
(answer)Sodium
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant inside the plasma membrane? -
(answer)Potassium
The electrical potential of nerve axoplasm in the resting state is approximately: - (answer)-70 mV
Mantle bundles will be anesthetized first by a local anesthetic compared with core bundles. -
(answer)True
Chemical synapses use chemical transmitters called: - (answer)Neurotransmitters
The "all-or-none principle" occurs: - (answer)Once a nerve is excited by the minimal threshold level
Infection and inflammation cause the following effects when administering a local anesthetic: -
(answer)Increased tissue vascularity, which can inactivate the local anesthetic more rapidly
All of the following are desirable properties of local anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the
EXCEPTION? - (answer)Slow biotransformation
Which characteristic enhances the effectiveness of local anesthetics? - (answer)High lipid solubility
Where is the action site for local anesthetic? - (answer)The calcium receptors
Which part of the chemical structure of the local anesthetic determines if the local anesthetic agent is
classified as an ester or an amide? - (answer)Intermediate chain
