NSG 320 Exam 1 questions with answers

NSG 320 Exam 1 questions with
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answers


In respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- pH is high and
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PaCO2 is low |\ |\




- Caused by:
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* HYPERVENTILATION
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* Hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders
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* Pain
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* Fear/anxiety
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* Salicylate or Nicotine overdose
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* Increased metabolism
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- Compensation rarely occurs due to aggressive treatment for
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hypoxemia


In respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"When you're on
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acid, you're relaxing and HYPOventilating"
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- pH is low and PaCO2 is high
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- Caused by:
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* HYPOVENTILATION
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* Respiratory failure
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* Asthma attacks
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* COPD
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* Chest injury or trauma
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,* Pulmonary edema
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* Medications
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* Obstructive sleep apnea
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- Compensation may occur when kidneys conserve HCO3 and
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secrete H into urine |\ |\ |\




In metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- pH and HCO3
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are high and PaCO2 is high or normal
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- Caused by:
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* Vomiting
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* Gastric suction
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* Extracellular fluid deficit
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* Dehydration
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* Circulatory shock
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* Loop or thiazide diuretic use
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* Hypokalemia
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* Ingestion of baking soda
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- Compensation occurs if CO2 is retained or HCO3 is excreted
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In metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Kussmaul
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respirations
- pH and HCO3 are low and the PaCO2 is low or normal
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- Caused by:
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* Fasting/starving
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* Cardiac arrest
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,* Sepsis
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* Trauma
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* Seizures
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* Renal failure
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* Severe diarrhea
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- Compensation may occur during exhaling increase CO2
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Normal values for ABG - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- pH: 7.35 - 7.45
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- PaCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg
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- HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 26 mEq/:
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- PaO2: 80 - 100 mm HG
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- SaO2: >95%
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- Base excess: +/- 2.0 meQ/L
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Thyroid hormones - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- TSH: Thyroid
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stimulating hormone |\ |\




- T3: Triiodothyronine hormone
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- T4: Thyroxine hormone
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Euthyroid - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Normal functioning thyroid
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Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Deficiency of thyroid |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


hormone that causes a general slowing of the metabolic rate
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- Iodine deficiency is most common cause
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*Thyroid cannot make T3+T4 WITHOUT iodine*
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, Primary hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Caused by
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destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
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- Most common cause is atrophy to thyroid gland which can be
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caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease
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Secondary hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Caused by
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pituitary disease TSH secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction with
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decreased-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion |\ |\ |\




Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔- Slow and low
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- Decreased body processes
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- Decreased cardiac contractility and output
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- Increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
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- Anemia
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Diagnostic studies consistent with hypothyroidism - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔- TSH higher than 4.5 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Interprofessional mgmt for hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


✔✔- Thyroid replacement
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- Monitor for CV disease
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- Monitor HR, report higher than 100 BMP
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- Monitor for chest pain, weight loss, nervousness, tremors,
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and/or insomnia
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- Monitor thyroid levels and adjust dosage
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