1|Page
C180 Introduction to Psychology Exam – 2025/ 2026
Study Guide with Practice Questions, Correct
Answers, and Key Concepts||Latest Exam!!!
According to psychodynamic psychology, what is
depression the result of?
-Changes in brain chemistry
-Learned responses
-Suppressed aggressive drives
-Faulty perceptions about self - Answer--Suppressed
aggressive drives:
(G)which can be a result of a number of factors, including
childhood trauma, cultural norms, or a lack of support to
process emotions
Who was a key figure in the development of the
behaviorist school of psychological thought?
-William James
-B. F. Skinner
-Sigmund Freud
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-Edward Titchener - Answer--B. F. Skinner
(G)Skinner identified three types of responses, or operant,
that can follow behavior.
-Neutral operants: Responses from the environment that
neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior
being repeated.
-Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that
increase the probability of a behavior being repeated.
Reinforcers can be either positive or negative.
-Punishers: Responses from the environment that
decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
Punishment weakens behavior.
(Operant=involving the modification of behavior by the
reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own consequences
(instrumental conditioning).
noun
an item of behavior that is initially spontaneous, rather
than a response to a prior stimulus, but whose
consequences may reinforce or inhibit recurrence of that
behavior.)
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Who was a key figure in the development of
psychoanalysis?
-Ivan Pavlov
-Sigmund Freud
-William James
-Edward Titchener - Answer--Sigmund Freud
(G)a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a
clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies
seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through
dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the
distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from
it.
Which level of need must be met before the need for
belongingness and love can be satisfied, according to
Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
-Physiological
-Self-actualization
-Esteem
, 4|Page
-Functional - Answer--Physiological
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
From most important to least:
1-Physiological Needs-Water, food, air
2-Safety Needs-Shelter, protection
3-Belongingness Needs-sense of belonging and loved
4-Esteem Needs-Mastery of feeling appreciated by others
5-Cognitive Needs-Understanding the world, creating
curiosity
6-Aesthetic Needs-Harmony and order
Suppose there is a positive correlation between age and
life satisfaction.
What conclusion does the correlation support?
-As age increases, the level of life satisfaction also
increases.
-There is no relationship between age and life satisfaction.
-Aging causes a decrease in life satisfaction.
C180 Introduction to Psychology Exam – 2025/ 2026
Study Guide with Practice Questions, Correct
Answers, and Key Concepts||Latest Exam!!!
According to psychodynamic psychology, what is
depression the result of?
-Changes in brain chemistry
-Learned responses
-Suppressed aggressive drives
-Faulty perceptions about self - Answer--Suppressed
aggressive drives:
(G)which can be a result of a number of factors, including
childhood trauma, cultural norms, or a lack of support to
process emotions
Who was a key figure in the development of the
behaviorist school of psychological thought?
-William James
-B. F. Skinner
-Sigmund Freud
,2|Page
-Edward Titchener - Answer--B. F. Skinner
(G)Skinner identified three types of responses, or operant,
that can follow behavior.
-Neutral operants: Responses from the environment that
neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior
being repeated.
-Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that
increase the probability of a behavior being repeated.
Reinforcers can be either positive or negative.
-Punishers: Responses from the environment that
decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
Punishment weakens behavior.
(Operant=involving the modification of behavior by the
reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own consequences
(instrumental conditioning).
noun
an item of behavior that is initially spontaneous, rather
than a response to a prior stimulus, but whose
consequences may reinforce or inhibit recurrence of that
behavior.)
,3|Page
Who was a key figure in the development of
psychoanalysis?
-Ivan Pavlov
-Sigmund Freud
-William James
-Edward Titchener - Answer--Sigmund Freud
(G)a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a
clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies
seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through
dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the
distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from
it.
Which level of need must be met before the need for
belongingness and love can be satisfied, according to
Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
-Physiological
-Self-actualization
-Esteem
, 4|Page
-Functional - Answer--Physiological
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
From most important to least:
1-Physiological Needs-Water, food, air
2-Safety Needs-Shelter, protection
3-Belongingness Needs-sense of belonging and loved
4-Esteem Needs-Mastery of feeling appreciated by others
5-Cognitive Needs-Understanding the world, creating
curiosity
6-Aesthetic Needs-Harmony and order
Suppose there is a positive correlation between age and
life satisfaction.
What conclusion does the correlation support?
-As age increases, the level of life satisfaction also
increases.
-There is no relationship between age and life satisfaction.
-Aging causes a decrease in life satisfaction.
