Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 8th Edition Elsevier EXAM
2025 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Terms in this set (85)
Ultrashort (tx short surgical anesthesia)
-methoexital IV
-thiopental III
Short (tx sedation and convulsion)
-pentobarbital II
-secobarbital II
Barbiturates subclass
Intermediate (tx sedation and convulsion)
-butabarbital III
Long (tx
-phenobarbital IV
-mephobarbital IV
habit forming with a low therapeutic index
MOA: effect the reticular area of the brain-stem to
reduce the (GABA) nerve impulses traveling to the
cerebral cortex
Indication: seizure, short term anesthesia, inter-cranial
pressure reduction, therapeutic coma
Barbiturates (class II,, III, IV)
Contra: pregnancy, respiratory difficulties, liver and kidney
disease,
AE/SE: decreases R.R. Fall risk in the elder - ortho hypo
d/t vasodialation, deprived REM increased agitation,
Tox S/S: no antidote, symptomatic
, and supportive tx RX-RX
increased metabolism of
anticoagulants
Nonprescription sleep aids containing antihistamine
OTC hypnotics doxylamine
"Unisom"
diphenhydramine "
Somiex"
acetaminophen/diphenhyramine "TYLENOL PM"
Assess: sleep habits, BP supine and erect, other CNS
CNS depressant NI
depressants (ETOH), risk for abuse,
Indication: musculoskeletal condition (often with
physical therapy) spastic or sever chronic conditions
i.e MS and cerebral palsy. Can act centrally or
direct.
Muscle relaxants
Contra: renal disease
AE/SE: euphoria, lightheaded, dizzy, drowsy,
fatigue, muscle weakness Tox S/S: no antidote,
symptomatic and supportive tx
Seizure - brief episode of abnormal activity in the
Antiepiletic nerve cells of the brain Convulsion - involuntary
spasmodic contraction of any or all involuntary muscles
Epilepsy - chronic, recurrent pattern of seizure
, Generalized onset
-tonic clonic
-absence
Partial onset
Classification of epilepsy -Simple
-complex
-secondary generalized tonic clonic
Unclassified onset
True medical emergency: Multiple seizure with no recovery
Status Epilepticus period
Can result in hypotension, hypoxia, brain damage, and death
"anticonvulsants"
MOA:
-reduce nerves ability to be stimulated
-suppress transmission of impulses from one nerve to the next
-decrease speed of nerve impulse conduction within a neuron
Antiepileptic drugs (AED)
Indication: Prevention or control of chronic seizure,
acute tx of convulsions and status epilepticus
AE/SE: Black Box warning as of 2008 d/t suicidal
thoughts and behavior NI: therapeutic drug
monitoring
Barbituate (NI therapeutic level 10-40 mcg/mL)
-phenobarbital
-primidone " Mysoline" liver metabolized into phenobarbitol
Hydrantoins (NI therapeutic level 10-20 mcg/mL)
-phenytoin "Dilantin" (First line rx)
*IV Admin;
Iminostilbene plus valporic acid
Second and Third generation anti-epileptic
2025 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Terms in this set (85)
Ultrashort (tx short surgical anesthesia)
-methoexital IV
-thiopental III
Short (tx sedation and convulsion)
-pentobarbital II
-secobarbital II
Barbiturates subclass
Intermediate (tx sedation and convulsion)
-butabarbital III
Long (tx
-phenobarbital IV
-mephobarbital IV
habit forming with a low therapeutic index
MOA: effect the reticular area of the brain-stem to
reduce the (GABA) nerve impulses traveling to the
cerebral cortex
Indication: seizure, short term anesthesia, inter-cranial
pressure reduction, therapeutic coma
Barbiturates (class II,, III, IV)
Contra: pregnancy, respiratory difficulties, liver and kidney
disease,
AE/SE: decreases R.R. Fall risk in the elder - ortho hypo
d/t vasodialation, deprived REM increased agitation,
Tox S/S: no antidote, symptomatic
, and supportive tx RX-RX
increased metabolism of
anticoagulants
Nonprescription sleep aids containing antihistamine
OTC hypnotics doxylamine
"Unisom"
diphenhydramine "
Somiex"
acetaminophen/diphenhyramine "TYLENOL PM"
Assess: sleep habits, BP supine and erect, other CNS
CNS depressant NI
depressants (ETOH), risk for abuse,
Indication: musculoskeletal condition (often with
physical therapy) spastic or sever chronic conditions
i.e MS and cerebral palsy. Can act centrally or
direct.
Muscle relaxants
Contra: renal disease
AE/SE: euphoria, lightheaded, dizzy, drowsy,
fatigue, muscle weakness Tox S/S: no antidote,
symptomatic and supportive tx
Seizure - brief episode of abnormal activity in the
Antiepiletic nerve cells of the brain Convulsion - involuntary
spasmodic contraction of any or all involuntary muscles
Epilepsy - chronic, recurrent pattern of seizure
, Generalized onset
-tonic clonic
-absence
Partial onset
Classification of epilepsy -Simple
-complex
-secondary generalized tonic clonic
Unclassified onset
True medical emergency: Multiple seizure with no recovery
Status Epilepticus period
Can result in hypotension, hypoxia, brain damage, and death
"anticonvulsants"
MOA:
-reduce nerves ability to be stimulated
-suppress transmission of impulses from one nerve to the next
-decrease speed of nerve impulse conduction within a neuron
Antiepileptic drugs (AED)
Indication: Prevention or control of chronic seizure,
acute tx of convulsions and status epilepticus
AE/SE: Black Box warning as of 2008 d/t suicidal
thoughts and behavior NI: therapeutic drug
monitoring
Barbituate (NI therapeutic level 10-40 mcg/mL)
-phenobarbital
-primidone " Mysoline" liver metabolized into phenobarbitol
Hydrantoins (NI therapeutic level 10-20 mcg/mL)
-phenytoin "Dilantin" (First line rx)
*IV Admin;
Iminostilbene plus valporic acid
Second and Third generation anti-epileptic
