HCR240 Final Exam Questions and Answers With complete
solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
Which valvular condition is characterized by the valve opening being constricted and
narrowed, causing the valve leaflets, or cusps, to fail to open? - Stenosis
A 62-year-old male presents to his primary provider reporting chest pain at rest and with
exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports the pain
often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina? - Prinzmetal
T/F Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup that narrows and obstructs vessels. -
True
T/F Hypertension is a drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing. - False
Individuals with Raynaud Disease need to be counseled to avoid which of the following
conditions to prevent severe symptoms? - Cold exposure
A 52-year-old male presents with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities
and edema. The diagnosis is chronic venous insufficiency and an expected assessment
finding of this disorder is: - skin hyperpigmentation.
A patient presents to the emergency department reporting difficulty swallowing and
shortness of breath. A CT scan would most likely reveal an aneurysm in the: - thoracic
aorta.
What term should the nurse use to document a detached blood clot? - INCORRECT:
Embolus
A 75-year-old obese female presents to her primary care provider reporting edema in
the lower extremities. Physical exam reveals she has varicose veins. Upon performing
the history, which of the following is a possible cause for the varicose veins? (Select all
that apply.) - Long periods of standing; Trauma to the saphenous veins
A 56-year-old presents to his primary caregiver for a checkup. Physical exam reveals
edema, hepatomegaly, and muffled heart sounds. Which of the following is of greatest
concern to the nurse? - Tamponade
T/F Myocardial Infarction (MI) occurs when coronary blood flow is interrupted for an
extended period of time, killing myocytes. - True
T/F An embolus is a particle or mass that travels freely in the bloodstream that can
cause vessel occlusion. - True
,A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion and is diagnosed with
angina pectoris. The pain occurs when: - INCORRECT: the myocardial oxygen supply
has fallen below demand.
An older adult is diagnosed with cerebral aneurysm. Where does the nurse suspect the
cerebral aneurysm is located? - Circle of Willis
A nurse takes an adult patient's blood pressure and determines it to be normal. What
reading did the nurse obtain? - Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic
pressure less than 80 mm Hg
This type of shock is the result of widespread hypersensitivity reaction: - anaphylactic
shock.
A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with bronchogenic
cancer. He developed edema and venous distention in the upper extremities and face.
Which of the following diagnoses will the nurse observe on the chart? - Superior vena
cava syndrome
T/F Systole refers to the period of relaxation in the cardiac cycle in which blood is forced
out of the ventricles of the heart. - False
A 28-year-old presents to the ER reporting severe chest pain that worsens with
respirations or lying down. Other signs include a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub.
Assessment findings support which medical diagnosis? - Acute pericarditis
A 42-year-old is diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis. The nurse knows one of the
factors associated with constrictive pericarditis is: - fibrosis and calcification of the
pericardial layers.
A 68-year-old male presents to the ER reporting chest pain. He has a history of stable
angina that now appears to be unstable. He most likely has: - impending myocardial
infarction.
Ventricles are muscles that hold cusps of valves together to prevent inversion or
prolapse. - False
When a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the nurse assesses for
myocardial: - ischemia.
Upon assessment of the patient, the nurse finds a widened pulse pressure and
throbbing peripheral pulses. Which valve disorder does the nurse suspect? - Aortic
regurgitation
, Chronic venous insufficiency is the inadequate venous return over a long period of time
that causes pathologic ischemic changes in the vasculature, skin, and supporting
tissues. - True
A 51-year-old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking
from the car to the clinic, he developed substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in
his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2-3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. He
indicates this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion.
The nurse suspects he is most likely experiencing: - stable angina.
A patient presents with severe chest pain and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with
pulmonary embolism. The embolism most likely originated from the: - deep veins of the
leg.
The heart has five chambers. - False
A patient is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms
would most likely be reported? - Syncope and fainting
The most common cause of myocardial ischemia is: - atherosclerosis.
Dysrhythmia is a disturbance in heart rhythm. - True
A 60-year-old female has survived a myocardial infarction. The nurse is providing care
for impaired ventricular function because: - the resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury
and myocardial cell death.
Which assessment findings will the nurse observe in a patient diagnosed with severe
pulmonary edema? - Pink, frothy sputum
During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress
syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was
noted with inspiration. This observation is documented as: - retractions.
If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which
of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated? -
Increase in respiratory rate
Cystic fibrosis is an ___________ disease. - Autosomal recessive
A 22-year-old presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during
expiration. This condition is most likely caused by: - thick mucus from hypertrophied
glands.
T/F Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by increased lung compliance. - False
solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
Which valvular condition is characterized by the valve opening being constricted and
narrowed, causing the valve leaflets, or cusps, to fail to open? - Stenosis
A 62-year-old male presents to his primary provider reporting chest pain at rest and with
exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports the pain
often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina? - Prinzmetal
T/F Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup that narrows and obstructs vessels. -
True
T/F Hypertension is a drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing. - False
Individuals with Raynaud Disease need to be counseled to avoid which of the following
conditions to prevent severe symptoms? - Cold exposure
A 52-year-old male presents with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities
and edema. The diagnosis is chronic venous insufficiency and an expected assessment
finding of this disorder is: - skin hyperpigmentation.
A patient presents to the emergency department reporting difficulty swallowing and
shortness of breath. A CT scan would most likely reveal an aneurysm in the: - thoracic
aorta.
What term should the nurse use to document a detached blood clot? - INCORRECT:
Embolus
A 75-year-old obese female presents to her primary care provider reporting edema in
the lower extremities. Physical exam reveals she has varicose veins. Upon performing
the history, which of the following is a possible cause for the varicose veins? (Select all
that apply.) - Long periods of standing; Trauma to the saphenous veins
A 56-year-old presents to his primary caregiver for a checkup. Physical exam reveals
edema, hepatomegaly, and muffled heart sounds. Which of the following is of greatest
concern to the nurse? - Tamponade
T/F Myocardial Infarction (MI) occurs when coronary blood flow is interrupted for an
extended period of time, killing myocytes. - True
T/F An embolus is a particle or mass that travels freely in the bloodstream that can
cause vessel occlusion. - True
,A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion and is diagnosed with
angina pectoris. The pain occurs when: - INCORRECT: the myocardial oxygen supply
has fallen below demand.
An older adult is diagnosed with cerebral aneurysm. Where does the nurse suspect the
cerebral aneurysm is located? - Circle of Willis
A nurse takes an adult patient's blood pressure and determines it to be normal. What
reading did the nurse obtain? - Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic
pressure less than 80 mm Hg
This type of shock is the result of widespread hypersensitivity reaction: - anaphylactic
shock.
A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with bronchogenic
cancer. He developed edema and venous distention in the upper extremities and face.
Which of the following diagnoses will the nurse observe on the chart? - Superior vena
cava syndrome
T/F Systole refers to the period of relaxation in the cardiac cycle in which blood is forced
out of the ventricles of the heart. - False
A 28-year-old presents to the ER reporting severe chest pain that worsens with
respirations or lying down. Other signs include a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub.
Assessment findings support which medical diagnosis? - Acute pericarditis
A 42-year-old is diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis. The nurse knows one of the
factors associated with constrictive pericarditis is: - fibrosis and calcification of the
pericardial layers.
A 68-year-old male presents to the ER reporting chest pain. He has a history of stable
angina that now appears to be unstable. He most likely has: - impending myocardial
infarction.
Ventricles are muscles that hold cusps of valves together to prevent inversion or
prolapse. - False
When a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the nurse assesses for
myocardial: - ischemia.
Upon assessment of the patient, the nurse finds a widened pulse pressure and
throbbing peripheral pulses. Which valve disorder does the nurse suspect? - Aortic
regurgitation
, Chronic venous insufficiency is the inadequate venous return over a long period of time
that causes pathologic ischemic changes in the vasculature, skin, and supporting
tissues. - True
A 51-year-old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking
from the car to the clinic, he developed substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in
his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2-3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. He
indicates this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion.
The nurse suspects he is most likely experiencing: - stable angina.
A patient presents with severe chest pain and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with
pulmonary embolism. The embolism most likely originated from the: - deep veins of the
leg.
The heart has five chambers. - False
A patient is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms
would most likely be reported? - Syncope and fainting
The most common cause of myocardial ischemia is: - atherosclerosis.
Dysrhythmia is a disturbance in heart rhythm. - True
A 60-year-old female has survived a myocardial infarction. The nurse is providing care
for impaired ventricular function because: - the resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury
and myocardial cell death.
Which assessment findings will the nurse observe in a patient diagnosed with severe
pulmonary edema? - Pink, frothy sputum
During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress
syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was
noted with inspiration. This observation is documented as: - retractions.
If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which
of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated? -
Increase in respiratory rate
Cystic fibrosis is an ___________ disease. - Autosomal recessive
A 22-year-old presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during
expiration. This condition is most likely caused by: - thick mucus from hypertrophied
glands.
T/F Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by increased lung compliance. - False
