Gross Anatomy - Introduction Terms and Concepts Exam
With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions
2025
Anatomical position - standing erect, face and eyes forward, upper limbs at side with
palms forward, lower limbs together with feet forward
Planes - Median, Sagittal, Coronal, Horizontal
Median Plane - Longitudinal down the midline dividing body into left and right halves
Sagittal Plane - Any plane parallel to median
Coronal Plane - Longitudinal, divides the body into front and back
Horizontal Plane - Divides body into top and bottom
Also called transverse or (trans)axial
Terms to indicate depth - superficial, intermediate, deep
Terms to indicate proximity to median plane - Medial (closer to median plane), Lateral
(further from median plane)
Terms to indicate Distance from origin (limbs) - Proximal (closer to origin), distal (further
from origin)
Terms to indicate relative sides on a coronal plane (common) - Anterior or ventral
(front), Posterior or dorsal (back)
Terms to indicate relative sides on a horizontal plane - Superior or cranial or cephalic
(closer to top of head), Inferior or caudal (close to feet)
Terms to indicate sides of hands - Palmar (palm side), and dorsal (back of hand)
Terms to indicate sides of feet - Plantar (sole side), and dorsal (top of foot)
Terms to indicate distance from median plane (upper limbs only) - Radial (further from
median plane), Ulnar (closer to median plane)
Terms to indicate distance from median plane (lower limbs only) - Fibular or peroneal
(further from median plane), Tibial (closer to median plane)
Terms to indicate relative sides on a coronal plane (uncommon) - Flexor or palmar or
volar (near front), extensor (near back)
, Bilateral - Same Structure, opposite side
Ipsilateral - Different Structure, same side
Contralateral - Different Structure, opposite side
Unilateral - Occurring on one side
Body of a bone - Principal mass of bone (shaft in long bones)
Condyle - Rounded articular (joint) area
Epicondyle - ("upon"-condyle) Eminence around condyle
Fossa - Hollow or depressed area
Sulcus - Elongated depression (groove)
Head of bone - Large round articular end
Neck of bone - narrow portion near head
Tubercle - Small raised eminence
Cappitulum - Small, rounded articular head
Groove - Elongated Depression
Trochlea - Spool-like articular process or pulley-acting process
Tuberosity - Large, rounded elevation
Facet - Smooth, flat articulating area
Notch - indentation at edge of bone
Process - Extension/projection out of a bone
Spine - Thorn-like process
Crest - Ridge of bone
Foramen - Opening through bone
Hiatus - Hollow gap between bony formations
With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions
2025
Anatomical position - standing erect, face and eyes forward, upper limbs at side with
palms forward, lower limbs together with feet forward
Planes - Median, Sagittal, Coronal, Horizontal
Median Plane - Longitudinal down the midline dividing body into left and right halves
Sagittal Plane - Any plane parallel to median
Coronal Plane - Longitudinal, divides the body into front and back
Horizontal Plane - Divides body into top and bottom
Also called transverse or (trans)axial
Terms to indicate depth - superficial, intermediate, deep
Terms to indicate proximity to median plane - Medial (closer to median plane), Lateral
(further from median plane)
Terms to indicate Distance from origin (limbs) - Proximal (closer to origin), distal (further
from origin)
Terms to indicate relative sides on a coronal plane (common) - Anterior or ventral
(front), Posterior or dorsal (back)
Terms to indicate relative sides on a horizontal plane - Superior or cranial or cephalic
(closer to top of head), Inferior or caudal (close to feet)
Terms to indicate sides of hands - Palmar (palm side), and dorsal (back of hand)
Terms to indicate sides of feet - Plantar (sole side), and dorsal (top of foot)
Terms to indicate distance from median plane (upper limbs only) - Radial (further from
median plane), Ulnar (closer to median plane)
Terms to indicate distance from median plane (lower limbs only) - Fibular or peroneal
(further from median plane), Tibial (closer to median plane)
Terms to indicate relative sides on a coronal plane (uncommon) - Flexor or palmar or
volar (near front), extensor (near back)
, Bilateral - Same Structure, opposite side
Ipsilateral - Different Structure, same side
Contralateral - Different Structure, opposite side
Unilateral - Occurring on one side
Body of a bone - Principal mass of bone (shaft in long bones)
Condyle - Rounded articular (joint) area
Epicondyle - ("upon"-condyle) Eminence around condyle
Fossa - Hollow or depressed area
Sulcus - Elongated depression (groove)
Head of bone - Large round articular end
Neck of bone - narrow portion near head
Tubercle - Small raised eminence
Cappitulum - Small, rounded articular head
Groove - Elongated Depression
Trochlea - Spool-like articular process or pulley-acting process
Tuberosity - Large, rounded elevation
Facet - Smooth, flat articulating area
Notch - indentation at edge of bone
Process - Extension/projection out of a bone
Spine - Thorn-like process
Crest - Ridge of bone
Foramen - Opening through bone
Hiatus - Hollow gap between bony formations
