, lOMoAR cPSD| 52021443
1 Primary ageing refers to ........, 4 6,7 Development potential during the adult life stage has
secondary ageing refers to ............ been ignored by psychologists for many years but it is
and tertiary ageing refers to ........ Ass1 receiving more attention currently. It is, however,
(1) cognitive deterioration, social 2012 important to realise that adulthood also consists of
deterioration, physical Q1 various substages and that adults experience ageing
deterioration on different levels.
(2) physical deterioration
accelerated by disease, typical Primary ageing refers to typical ageing, especially
ageing, especially gradual physical gradual physical deterioration
deterioration, cognitive and Secondary ageing refers to physical deterioration
emotional deterioration accelerated by disease or an unhealthy lifestyle
(3) terminal decline that occurs Tertiary ageing refers to terminal decline that occurs
in the period shortly before death, in the period shortly before death
cognitive and emotional
deterioration, typical ageing,
especially gradual physical
deterioration
(4) typical ageing, especially
gradual physical deterioration,
physical deterioration accelerated
by disease or an unhealthy
lifestyle, terminal decline that
occurs in the period shortly before
death
Downloaded by Master Vincent ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 52021443
2 The reason why the cut-off point 1 5 Recently the WHO used the cut-off point if 50 to
for old age is set for western define people in Africa as old, rather than the
societies at 60 and for African frequently used cut-off of 60 in Western societies.
societies at 50 is because
The argument for using this definition is that in most
(1) In poor economies the burden
of sheer survival puts people at poor economies the burden of sheer survival puts
greater risk to age prematurely people at a greater disadvantage than rich countries,
than people in rich economies leading them to age prematurely. In this sense, this
(2) people in African societies period is regarded as a period of high vulnerability in
age slower which negative events can undermine the prospects
(3) people in western societies for successful ageing.
age quicker
(4) certain schools of thought are
of the opinion that welldefined
Downloaded by Master Vincent ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 52021443
cut-off points for specific
developmental stages are
Impossible
6 Developmental influences 4 19 You must realise that human development is shaped
resulting from events which most by various forces such as biological, psychological,
people in a specific culture Ass1 sociocultural and life-cycle forces. These forces are
experience at the same tame, are 2012 interactive and interrelated. They play a role in each
referred to as Q3 individual’s development either separately or in
(1) normative age-graded influences combination with each other.
(2) natural psychological forces
(3) non-normative influences Biological, psychological and sociocultural forces
(4) normative history-graded were identified by Paul Baltes as ‘normative age-
influences graded influences’ which are usually linked to a
person’s chronological age.
Results from events that people in a specific culture
experience at any given time are referred to as
‘normative history-graded influences’. These
influences can either be biological (eg the AIDS
Downloaded by Master Vincent ()
1 Primary ageing refers to ........, 4 6,7 Development potential during the adult life stage has
secondary ageing refers to ............ been ignored by psychologists for many years but it is
and tertiary ageing refers to ........ Ass1 receiving more attention currently. It is, however,
(1) cognitive deterioration, social 2012 important to realise that adulthood also consists of
deterioration, physical Q1 various substages and that adults experience ageing
deterioration on different levels.
(2) physical deterioration
accelerated by disease, typical Primary ageing refers to typical ageing, especially
ageing, especially gradual physical gradual physical deterioration
deterioration, cognitive and Secondary ageing refers to physical deterioration
emotional deterioration accelerated by disease or an unhealthy lifestyle
(3) terminal decline that occurs Tertiary ageing refers to terminal decline that occurs
in the period shortly before death, in the period shortly before death
cognitive and emotional
deterioration, typical ageing,
especially gradual physical
deterioration
(4) typical ageing, especially
gradual physical deterioration,
physical deterioration accelerated
by disease or an unhealthy
lifestyle, terminal decline that
occurs in the period shortly before
death
Downloaded by Master Vincent ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 52021443
2 The reason why the cut-off point 1 5 Recently the WHO used the cut-off point if 50 to
for old age is set for western define people in Africa as old, rather than the
societies at 60 and for African frequently used cut-off of 60 in Western societies.
societies at 50 is because
The argument for using this definition is that in most
(1) In poor economies the burden
of sheer survival puts people at poor economies the burden of sheer survival puts
greater risk to age prematurely people at a greater disadvantage than rich countries,
than people in rich economies leading them to age prematurely. In this sense, this
(2) people in African societies period is regarded as a period of high vulnerability in
age slower which negative events can undermine the prospects
(3) people in western societies for successful ageing.
age quicker
(4) certain schools of thought are
of the opinion that welldefined
Downloaded by Master Vincent ()
, lOMoAR cPSD| 52021443
cut-off points for specific
developmental stages are
Impossible
6 Developmental influences 4 19 You must realise that human development is shaped
resulting from events which most by various forces such as biological, psychological,
people in a specific culture Ass1 sociocultural and life-cycle forces. These forces are
experience at the same tame, are 2012 interactive and interrelated. They play a role in each
referred to as Q3 individual’s development either separately or in
(1) normative age-graded influences combination with each other.
(2) natural psychological forces
(3) non-normative influences Biological, psychological and sociocultural forces
(4) normative history-graded were identified by Paul Baltes as ‘normative age-
influences graded influences’ which are usually linked to a
person’s chronological age.
Results from events that people in a specific culture
experience at any given time are referred to as
‘normative history-graded influences’. These
influences can either be biological (eg the AIDS
Downloaded by Master Vincent ()
