NURS 3366 – Pathophysiology, Exam 3 Review
Questions with Correct Verified Answers–
Complete Exam Study Material
Introduction:
This document provides a comprehensive set of review questions
with correct, verified answers for Exam 3 in NURS 3366
Pathophysiology. It covers key cardiovascular, respiratory, and
renal system pathophysiology topics, including hypertension,
atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary
disorders, renal diseases, and electrolyte balance. The material is
structured in a question-and-answer format, making it suitable for
focused exam preparation.
Questions and Answers:
1. A nurse working on a gerontology unit notes that the
majority of the clients on the unitare prescribed antihypertensive
medications. When it comes to the aging process, which of the
following phenomena are primarily the contribut-
ing factors to hypertension i n the elderly population? Select all
that apply.
a. Stiffening of large arteries like the aorta
,b. Increased sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
c. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow
d. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
e. Increase in renal perfusion-Answer:- a. Stittening of large
arteries like the aorta
c. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow
d. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
2. Which of the following teaching points would be most
appropriate for a group of older adults who are concerned about
their cardiac health?
a. "People with plaque in their arteries experience attacks of
blood flow disrup- tion at seemingly random times."
b. "The plaque that builds up in your heart vessels obstructs
the normal flow of blood and can even break loose and lodge itself
in a vessel."
c. "Infections of any sort are often a signal that plaque
disruption is in danger of occurring."
d. "The impaired function of the lungs that accompanies
pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a
precursor to plaque disruption."-Answer:- b. "The plaque that
,builds up in your heart vessels obstructs the normal flow of blood
and can even break loose and lodge itself in a vessel."
3. Four patients were admitted to the emergency department
with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with
aspirin, morphine, oxygen, and nitrates and were monitored by
ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial
infarction?
a. A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during
moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal;
cardiac markers remained stable.
b. A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2AM while she
was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed
arrhythmias and ST-segment eleva- tion;cardiac markers
remained stable.
c. An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly
after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG
showed ST-segment elevation with inverted T waves and
abnormal Q waves; levels of cardiac markers subse-
quently rose.
d. A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a
short walk and responded to nitrates, but not-Answer:- c. An 80-
year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after
awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG
, showed ST-segment elevation with inverted T waves and
abnormal Q waves; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.
4. Which of the following statements provides blood work
results and rationale that would be most closely associated with
acute coronary syndrome?
a. Increased serum creatinine and troponin I as a result of
enzyme release from damaged cells
b. Increased serum potassium and decreased sodium as a
result of myocardial cell lysis, release of normally intracellular
potassium, and disruption of the sodium-potassium pump
c. Elevated creatine kinase and troponin, both of which
normally exist intracel- lularly rather than in circulation
d. Low circulatory levels of myoglobin and creatine kinase as a
result of the inflammatory response-Answer:- c. Elevated creatine
kinase and troponin, both of which normally exist intracellularly
rather than in circulation
5. A 78-year-old man has been experiencing nocturnal chest
pain over the last several months, and his family physician has
diagnosed him with stable angina. Which of the following teaching
points should the physician include in his explanation of the
man's new diagnosis?
Questions with Correct Verified Answers–
Complete Exam Study Material
Introduction:
This document provides a comprehensive set of review questions
with correct, verified answers for Exam 3 in NURS 3366
Pathophysiology. It covers key cardiovascular, respiratory, and
renal system pathophysiology topics, including hypertension,
atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary
disorders, renal diseases, and electrolyte balance. The material is
structured in a question-and-answer format, making it suitable for
focused exam preparation.
Questions and Answers:
1. A nurse working on a gerontology unit notes that the
majority of the clients on the unitare prescribed antihypertensive
medications. When it comes to the aging process, which of the
following phenomena are primarily the contribut-
ing factors to hypertension i n the elderly population? Select all
that apply.
a. Stiffening of large arteries like the aorta
,b. Increased sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
c. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow
d. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
e. Increase in renal perfusion-Answer:- a. Stittening of large
arteries like the aorta
c. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow
d. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
2. Which of the following teaching points would be most
appropriate for a group of older adults who are concerned about
their cardiac health?
a. "People with plaque in their arteries experience attacks of
blood flow disrup- tion at seemingly random times."
b. "The plaque that builds up in your heart vessels obstructs
the normal flow of blood and can even break loose and lodge itself
in a vessel."
c. "Infections of any sort are often a signal that plaque
disruption is in danger of occurring."
d. "The impaired function of the lungs that accompanies
pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a
precursor to plaque disruption."-Answer:- b. "The plaque that
,builds up in your heart vessels obstructs the normal flow of blood
and can even break loose and lodge itself in a vessel."
3. Four patients were admitted to the emergency department
with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with
aspirin, morphine, oxygen, and nitrates and were monitored by
ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial
infarction?
a. A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during
moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal;
cardiac markers remained stable.
b. A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2AM while she
was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed
arrhythmias and ST-segment eleva- tion;cardiac markers
remained stable.
c. An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly
after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG
showed ST-segment elevation with inverted T waves and
abnormal Q waves; levels of cardiac markers subse-
quently rose.
d. A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a
short walk and responded to nitrates, but not-Answer:- c. An 80-
year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after
awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG
, showed ST-segment elevation with inverted T waves and
abnormal Q waves; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.
4. Which of the following statements provides blood work
results and rationale that would be most closely associated with
acute coronary syndrome?
a. Increased serum creatinine and troponin I as a result of
enzyme release from damaged cells
b. Increased serum potassium and decreased sodium as a
result of myocardial cell lysis, release of normally intracellular
potassium, and disruption of the sodium-potassium pump
c. Elevated creatine kinase and troponin, both of which
normally exist intracel- lularly rather than in circulation
d. Low circulatory levels of myoglobin and creatine kinase as a
result of the inflammatory response-Answer:- c. Elevated creatine
kinase and troponin, both of which normally exist intracellularly
rather than in circulation
5. A 78-year-old man has been experiencing nocturnal chest
pain over the last several months, and his family physician has
diagnosed him with stable angina. Which of the following teaching
points should the physician include in his explanation of the
man's new diagnosis?
