EMS 1055 Midterm well Explained Exam Study Guide 2025

EMS 1055 Midterm well Explained Exam Study Guide 2025 What are the medical legal responsibilities of an EMR? - -Duty to Act and Standard of Care. What are the levels of patient consent? - -Informed consent, implied consent, and parental consent. What blood pressure is required to palpate pulse points? - -Specific blood pressure values vary by pulse point; generally, systolic pressure must be above a certain threshold. How do you assess an AVPU score? - -By determining if the patient is Alert, responds to Verbal stimuli, responds to Pain, or is Unresponsive. What methods are used to open an airway? - -Head-tilt-chin-lift, jaw-thrust maneuver, and suctioning. How do you measure an OPA and when should it be used? - -Measure from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe; use when the patient is unresponsive and has no gag reflex. How do you measure an NPA and when should it be used? - -Measure from the nostril to the earlobe; use in patients with altered consciousness who have a gag reflex. What does FiO2 mean and how does it apply to oxygen devices? - -FiO2 refers to the fraction of inspired oxygen; it indicates the concentration of oxygen delivered to the patient. What is the Golden Hour in trauma care? - -The critical first hour after a traumatic injury during which prompt medical treatment is most effective. What are the phases of a blast injury? - -Primary (blast wave), secondary (projectiles), tertiary (body displacement), and quaternary (additional injuries). What is the ITLS Trauma Assessment? - -A systematic approach to assess trauma patients, including primary and secondary surveys. What are the names of patient positioning? - -Supine, prone, Fowler's, lateral recumbent, and Trendelenburg. Ems 1055 Ems 1055 How do you assess for a GCS? - -By evaluating eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. What lung sounds are taught in lecture and what do they mean? - -Wheezing (narrowed airways), crackles (fluid in lungs), and stridor (upper airway obstruction). What are the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients? - Primary: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure; Secondary: History, Head to-toe assessment. What does DCAP-BLS-TIC stand for? - -Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Lacerations, Swelling, Tenderness, Instability, Crepitus. What does OPPQRST stand for and when is it used? - -Onset, Provocation, Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time; used for assessing pain. What are the three phases of shock? - -Compensated, decompensated, and irreversible. What types of obstructive shock are there? - -Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and pulmonary embolism. What are the steps to control arterial bleeding? - -Apply direct pressure, elevate the limb, and use a tourniquet if necessary. When should high-flow oxygen be applied? - -In cases of severe respiratory distress, hypoxia, or shock. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for a flail chest? - -Signs: Paradoxical movement of the chest wall; Symptoms: Pain, difficulty breathing; Treatment: Stabilization and oxygen. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for an open pneumothorax? - -Signs: Sucking sound; Symptoms: Difficulty breathing; Treatment: Seal the wound and provide supplemental oxygen. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for a pericardial tamponade? - -Signs: Muffled heart sounds, hypotension; Symptoms: Distended neck veins; Treatment: Pericardiocentesis. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for a tension pneumothorax? - -Signs: Tracheal deviation, respiratory distress; Symptoms: Chest pain; Treatment: Needle decompression followed by chest tube. Ems 1055 Ems 1055 What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for anaphylactic shock? - -Signs: Hives, swelling; Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, hypotension; Treatment: Epinephrine, oxygen, and antihistamines. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for insulin shock? - -Signs: Confusion, sweating; Symptoms: Weakness, tremors; Treatment: Glucose administration. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for cerebral herniation syndrome? - Signs: Altered consciousness; Symptoms: Headache, vomiting; Treatment: Emergency neurosurgical intervention. How is CPP determined and how does ICP relate to it? - -CPP (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure) = MAP - ICP; ICP (Intracranial Pressure) affects cerebral blood flow. What are the signs and symptoms of a Basilar Skull fracture? - -Signs: Battle's sign, raccoon eyes; Symptoms: Clear fluid from nose/ears; Treatment: Stabilization and neurosurgical evaluation. What are the indications and contraindications of nitroglycerin? - -Indications: Chest pain; Contraindications: Hypotension, use of ED medications. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for AMI? - -Signs: Chest pain, sweating; Symptoms: Nausea, shortness of breath; Treatment: Aspirin, nitroglycerin, and transport. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for angina? - -Signs: Chest discomfort; Symptoms: Pain relieved by rest; Treatment: Nitroglycerin. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for SVT? - -Signs: Rapid heart rate; Symptoms: Palpitations, dizziness; Treatment: Vagal maneuvers, medications. When should a c-collar be applied? - -In cases of suspected spinal injury. When should a KED be applied and how? - -For immobilizing seated patients; apply by securing the torso and head first. How do you treat patients who are wearing helmets? - -Stabilize the helmet and assess the patient; remove only if necessary. What are the signs and symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage? - -Signs: Sudden severe headache; Symptoms: Nausea, neck stiffness; Treatment: Emergency medical intervention. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment of CVA? - -Signs: Sudden weakness; Symptoms: Difficulty speaking; Treatment: Thrombolytics for clot, supportive care for bleed. Ems 1055 What is the difference between CVA and TIA? - -CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) is a stroke; TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) is a temporary blockage. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for a tonic-clonic seizure? - -Signs: Convulsions; Symptoms: Loss of consciousness; Treatment: Protect the patient and provide supportive care. What are the signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal hemorrhage? - -Signs: Abdominal pain, rigidity; Symptoms: Shock; Treatment: Surgical intervention. What do Cullen's, Grey-Turner's, and Kehr's signs indicate? - -Cullen's: Peritoneal bleeding; Grey-Turner's: Retroperitoneal bleeding; Kehr's: Splenic injury. How do you treat an abdominal evisceration? - -Cover with a moist sterile dressing and do not attempt to replace organs. What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment for asthma? - -Signs: Wheezing; Symptoms: Shortness of breath; Treatment: Bronchodilators and corticosteroids. What is the treatment for status asthmaticus? - -High-flow oxygen, nebulized bronchodilators, and possibly corticosteroids