NURS 250 PRACTICE FINAL EXAM 2025

NURS 250 PRACTICE FINAL EXAM 2025 What is the ultimate goal of expanding nursing knowledge through nursing research? - ANSWER-Learn ways to promote and maintain health Information is collected for analysis in both quantitative and qualitative research. What is the information called? - ANSWER-Data Which principle underlies the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting? - ANSWER-Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate. A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading? - ANSWER The abstract Staff nurses in an ICU setting have noticed that their clients required less interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They passed their observations on to a nurse researcher and asked the researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge? - ANSWER-Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health. What nursing activity forms the bridge b/w theory and practice? - ANSWER-Evidence based research. After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation? - ANSWER Scientific knowledge. When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process? - ANSWER-Evaluating practice change. There are four concepts common in all nursing theories. Which on of the four concepts is the focus of nursing? - ANSWER-Person. A client who is a chronic alcoholic is admitted to the healthcare facility with cirrhosis if the liver, complaining of pain in the abdomen. The client expresses to the nurse that his family does not love and respect him bc of his addiction to alcohol. He admits that he is NURS 250 NURS 250 unable to perform his role as the bread winner of the family. Which of the following needs should be a priority for the nurse? - ANSWER-Pain in the abdomen. Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased absenteeism, increased retention, and decreased attrition among a hospital's nursing staff. What does this predicted relationship represent? - ANSWER-Hypothesis One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to - ANSWER-Generate knowledge to guide practice One step in implementing evidence-based practice is to ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention. The most common method is the PICO format. Which of the following accurately defines the letters in the PICO acronym? - ANSWER-P= population Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks? - ANSWER Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. A client undergoing chemotherapy for a brain tumor believes that having a good attitude will help in the healing process. This is an example of what type of knowledge? - ANSWER-Philosophy Which of the following terms is part of quantitative research? - ANSWER-Variable Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when prioritizing a patient's plan of care, what would be the nurse's first priority? - ANSWER-Administering pain medication Breaking the healthcare community into separate entities (such as the medical community, the nursing staff, management, support staff) and analyzing how they work as whole together is an example of which nursing theory? - ANSWER-General systems theory Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and - ANSWER-use of outcome studies to guide decisions Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships b/w the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? - ANSWER-General systems theory A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to? - ANSWER-Preventing skin breakdown NURS 250 NURS 250 A nurse researcher is conducting a scientific literature review. Which statement would be most important for the nurse researcher to keep in mind? - ANSWER-Using a systematic approach for this step is most effective A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted? - ANSWER-Quantitative research A student is conducting a literature review to identify a problem area for his research paper. Which of the following should the student remember when conducting a literature review? - ANSWER-Journal references lists provide sources for original articles What is the best explanation for the way EBP has changed the way nursing care is delivered? - ANSWER-Nursing care now uses EBP as a way of ensuring quality care. An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their partner is associated w/ a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative research is most appropriate for this research question? - ANSWER-Correlational research Nursing research is linked most closely to: - ANSWER-Nursing process How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked? - ANSWER-The nurse assesses problems initially. What phrase best describes the science of nursing? - ANSWER-Body of nursing knowledge Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process? - ANSWER-Nursing process A conceptual framework is defined as: - ANSWER-A set of concepts & propositions According to Maslow's Hierarchy of human needs, which of the following is the highest level of need(s)? - ANSWER-Self-actualization The nurse understands that general systems theory has important implications in nursing. Which of the following is an assumption of the general systems theory? - ANSWER-Human systems are open and dynamic As part of a class assignment, a beginning professional nursing student is to prepare a research paper. Which action would be most appropriate to take when identifying a problem area? - ANSWER-Review scientific literature to develop a research idea. A nursing student is formulating a problem statement for his research project. What will ensure that the student is a logical extension of the problem cited? - ANSWER-The population being studied is specified in the problem statement. NURS 250 NURS 250 A student nurse learns how to give injections from the nurse manager, who dictates a list of steps to follow. This is an example of the acquisition of what type of knowledge? - ANSWER-Descriptive rule-based The role of the institutional review boards for research studies is to: - ANSWER-Protect the rights of human participants Which of the following are characteristics of nursing theories? - ANSWER-They provide rational reasons for nursing interventions; They provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses; They provide a base for discussion of nursing issues; They help resolve current nursing issues and establish trends. Which type of quantitative research is described as follows: to examine cause-and effect relationships b/w selected variables? - ANSWER-Quasi-experimental Which of the following are examples of characteristics of EBP? - ANSWER-It is a problem-solving approach; It uses the best evidence available; It blends the science and art of nursing While at lunch, a nurse heard other nurses at a nearby table talking about a client they did not like. When they asked him what he thought, he politely refused to join in the conversation. What value was the nurse demonstrating? - ANSWER-Basic respect for human dignity. A nurse is caring for a client who is a celebrity in the area. A person claiming to be a family member inquires about the medical details of the client. The nurse reveals the info but later comes to find out that the person was not a family member. The nurse has violated: - ANSWER-Confidentiality A nurse in a physician's office has noted on several occasions that one of the physicians frequently obtains controlled-drug prescription forms for prescription writing. The physician reports that his wife has chronic back pain and requires pain medication. One day the nurse enters the physician's office and sees him take a pill out of a bottle. The doctor mentions that he suffers from migraines and that his wife's pain medication alleviates the pain. What type of nurse-physician ethical situation is illustrated in this scenario? - ANSWER-Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice Upon entering the hospital system, the nurse discusses the rights and responsibilities that the client is entitled to in the institution. The information the nurse discusses is commonly referred to as: - ANSWER-Patient's Bill of Rights A mother always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her daughter, age 6 yrs, echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission? - ANSWER Modeling NURS 250 NURS 250 Which of the following modes of value transmission is most likely to lead to confusion & conflict? - ANSWER-Laissez-faire A nurse has a duty of nonmaleficence. Which of the following would be considered a contradiction to that duty? - ANSWER-Refusing to administer pain medication as ordered A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return w/ the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return w/ the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics? - ANSWER-Fidelity A parent teaches his or her children not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action causes - ANSWER-Failure to reflect own values In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance w/ nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value? - ANSWER-Integrity A woman age 83 years who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to swallow refuses the insertion of a feeding tube. This an example of what ethical principle? - ANSWER-Autonomy A nurse using the principle-based approach to client care seeks to avoid causing harm to clients in all situations. What is this principle known as? - ANSWER-Nonmaleficence What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse: - ANSWER Stays w/ the client during his death as promised. Which component of nursing care is central to the care-based approach to bioethics? - ANSWER-Nurse-patient relationship A nurse is providing homecare to a client w/ a diabetic foot ulcer who needs daily insulin injections. The family caregivers do not possess the technical skill to inject insulin. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind? - ANSWER-The nurse needs to be creative in integrating the technical and relational aspects of care. Which word is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights? - ANSWER-Advocacy A nurse provides client care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice? - ANSWER-Code of Ethics NURS 250 NURS 250 A client age 46 yrs has been diagnosed w/ cancer. He has met w/ the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. The client is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision? - ANSWER-Autonomy What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters? - ANSWER Values To practice ethically, the nurse should - ANSWER-avoid allowing her judgment to guide practice Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? - ANSWER-The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people A group of nurse researchers has proposed a study to examine the efficacy of a new wound care product. Which aspect of the methodology demonstrates that the nurses are attempting to maintain the ethical principle of nonmaleficence? - ANSWER-The nurses are taking every reasonable measure to ensure that no participants experience impaired wound healing as a result of the study intervention A client, unsure of the need for surgery, asks the nurse, "what should i do?" What answer by the nurse is based on advocacy? - ANSWER-"Tell me more about what makes you think you don't want surgery." Which of the following illustrates the activity of acting in values clarification? - ANSWER Respecting the human dignity of all clients A nurse is caring for a woman 28 yrs of age who has delivered a baby by Caesarean section. She describes her pain as a 9. The nurse medicates her for pain. This is an example of which ethical framework? - ANSWER-Beneficence Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good? - ANSWER-Beneficence A nurse working in a long-term facility has an older adult male client who is very confused. Which ethical dilemma is posed when using restraints in a long-term care setting? - ANSWER-It threatens autonomy A nurse states to the client that she will keep her free of pain. However, her family wishes to try a treatment to prolong her life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle? - ANSWER-Fidelty Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions? - ANSWER-Evaluating NURS 250 NURS 250 The nurse finds that there have been several opportunities to share personal prescriptions w/ family members when they were in need of pain medication or antibiotics. Which area of rules should govern the nurse's moral decision? - ANSWER Ethics Which ethics theory focuses on ends or consequences of actions? - ANSWER Utilitarian theory Which phrase best describes a value? - ANSWER-a belief about the worth of something to guide behavior A client w/ cancer of the stomach tells the nurse "I cannot bear the pain anymore. Please give me something to end all my suffering and this agonizing pain." The nurse faces a value conflict. Which of the following wold be most important for the nurse to keep in mind in this situation? - ANSWER-Human need may affect the values conflict. An employee health nurse is assisting a stressed, working mother w/ value clarification. Which of the following best defines value clarification? - ANSWER-A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems. A client who is scheduled for abdominal surgery gives informed consent. When reviewing the client's medical record, the nurse identifies the consent form, interpreting it as most reflective of - ANSWER-Protection of the client's right to self-determination in decision making What are standards for decision making that endure for a significant time in one's life? - ANSWER-Values A nurse is providing care for 3 clients on a medical unit, 2 of whom are significantly more acute than the 3rd. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to enact? - ANSWER Justice The client was diagnosed with diabetes three years ago, but has failed to integrate regular blood glucose monitoring or dietary modifications into his lifestyle. He has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, an event that has prompted the client to reassess his values. Which of the following actions most clearly demonstrates that this client is engaging in the step of prizing within his valuing process? - ANSWER-The client expresses pride that he now has the knowledge and skills to take control of his diabetes management A nurse is contributing to the analysis of an ethical dilemma. Ethics is best defined as the branch of philosophy that addresses: - ANSWER-standards of conduct NURS 250 NURS 250 A client is discussing informed consent prior to a scheduled procedure. Informed consent includes what rights? - ANSWER-Right of refusal to participate, Right to withdraw from treatment at any time, Confidentiality The student nurse demonstrates the need for further instruction with which statement concerning moral values? - ANSWER-"Moral values give individuals some sense of what is right and wrong." A dying client tells the nurse he doesn't want to see his family bc he doesn't want to cause them more sadness. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? - ANSWER Help the client clarify his values A hospice nurse is caring for a client w/ terminal cancer. The family would like the client to continue aggressive therapy to treat the cancer, but the client has voiced to the nurse that, after much thought, he does not want to pursue any further treatment. The nurse speaks to the family about the client's wishes, condition, and terminal state. The action is most likely derived from which nursing obligation? - ANSWER-Moral values Values are known to affect a person's functional health. Which of the following values may be related to the perception of health? - ANSWER-Cooperation, responsibility, and discipline A nurse does not assist w/ ambulation for a postoperative client on the first day after surgery. The client falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse? - ANSWER-Negligence A client is admitted with symptoms of psychosis. The nurse hurries to the client's room when she hears the client calling for help. She finds the client lying on the ground. The nurse assists the client back to the bed and performs a thorough assessment. The nurse informs the physician and completes the incident report. Which statement should the nurse document in the incident report? - ANSWER-the client was found lying on the floor A postanesthesia nurse is reporting about a client to the intensive care unit nurse in the elevator. There are staff members and visitors in the elevator. The postanasthesia nurse is doing what? - ANSWER-Breaching the client's confidentiality A client gets out of bed following hip surgery, falls, and re-injures her hip. The nurse caring for her knows that it is her duty to make sure an incident report is filed. Which statement accurately describes the correct procedure for filing an incident report? - ANSWER-The report should contain all the variables related to the incident A competent adult client is scheduled for surgery. Who signs the informed consent form to allow the surgery? - ANSWER-The client NURS 250 NURS 250 A nurse has taken a telephone order from a physician for an emergency medication. The dose of the medication is abnormally high. What should the nurse do next? - ANSWER-Question the order for the medication A client on a surgical unit asks for the nurse's opinion of the surgeon. The nurse replies, "He is rude. His clients always end up with infections." The nurse is at risk of being accused of which of the following? - ANSWER-Slander/defamation A client who is scheduled for hernioplasty needs clarification regarding the procedure. The nurse calls the physician at the client's insistence. The physician, who is in a bad mood, is overheard telling the client that the nurse does not know anything. Which legal tort has the physician committed? - ANSWER-Slander A nurse is arrested for possession of illegal drugs. What kind of law is involved w/ this type of activity? - ANSWER-Criminal A nurse assesses a client with psychotic symptoms and determines that the client needs vest restraints. However, the client asks the nurse not to put on vest restraints. What would be the best nursing action? - ANSWER-Contact the physician and obtain necessary orders A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone coronary angioplasty. The cardiac monitor is showing abnormal ECG waves, indicating arterial fibrillation. The nurse does not recognize the importance of the sign; as a result, the client's condition deteriorates and the client has to be taken up for an emergency procedure. Which of the following describes the nurse's legal liability? - ANSWER-Tort The student nurse tells her family about a client w/ AIDS that she cared for in clinical yesterday. Which tort has the student committed? - ANSWER-Invasion of privacy When the nurse informs a client's employer of his autoimmune deficiency disease, the nurse is committing the tort of: - ANSWER-Invasion of privacy A client is unhappy with the health care provided to him. He approaches the nurse and informs her that he is leaving the facility. The client has not been discharged by the physician. The nurse finds that the client has dressed and is ready to go. What would the nurse's action be in this situation? - ANSWER-The nurse should call the nursing supervisor and inform her about the situation Which process evaluates and recognizes educational programs as having met certain standards? - ANSWER-Accreditation Having recently completed a specialty nursing program in neonatal care, a nurse is now preparing to leave her current position on a medical unit and begin providing care in the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The nurse has completed which of the following processes of credentialing? - ANSWER-Certification NURS 250 NURS 250 Which nursing student would most likely be held liable for negligence? - ANSWER-A nursing student administers medication to a resident, while working as an unlicensed assistive personal (UAP) at a local nursing home. A client states that his recent fall was caused by the fact that his scheduled antihypertensive medications were mistakenly administered by two different nurses, an event that is disputed by both of the nurses identified by the client. Which measure should the nurses prioritize when anticipating that legal action may follow? - ANSWER Document the client's claims and the events surrounding the alleged incident. In comparison w/ licensure, which measures entry-level competence, what does certification validate? - ANSWER-Speciality knowledge and clinical judgment A registered nurse enters a client's room and observes the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) pushing a client down on the bed. The client starts crying and informs the UAP that he needs to go to the bathroom. The UAP holds the client down