portage pathophysiology exam 2 [NURS231] questions and
answers 2024\2025 A+ Grade
True/False:
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not?
- correct answer False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to
therapy or reoccurrence.
What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and histology?
- correct answer tissue biopsy
Explain the TNM system:
- correct answer T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients?
- correct answer 1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal
spaces; chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible
answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia,
fatigue, sleep disturbances
1. What are the three possible goals of cancer treatment?
2. How does radiation kill cancer cells?
- correct answer 1. Curative, control, palliative
answers 2024\2025 A+ Grade
True/False:
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not?
- correct answer False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to
therapy or reoccurrence.
What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and histology?
- correct answer tissue biopsy
Explain the TNM system:
- correct answer T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients?
- correct answer 1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal
spaces; chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible
answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia,
fatigue, sleep disturbances
1. What are the three possible goals of cancer treatment?
2. How does radiation kill cancer cells?
- correct answer 1. Curative, control, palliative
