1|Page
MMSC 415 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
UPDATED!!!
Four types of hypersensitivity reactions: - ANSWER - Type I-III
are due to antibodies and are called immediate hypersensitivity
reactions
-Type IV is an over-reactive CMI response and can be called
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immunodeficiencies - ANSWER when the immune system is
weakened leaving the individual prone to infections
Autoimmune disorders - ANSWER when the immune system
does not recognize a self antigen and attacks self cells
Immunoproliferative diseases - ANSWER where cells of the
immune system become cancerous
Hypersensitvity - ANSWER -heightened or inappropriate
immune response that causes tissue damage in host
--Immediate: antibody-mediated (types I-III)
,2|Page
Immediate, within seconds of second contact with allergen
--Delayed (48-72 hrs): cell-mediated (type IV)
Allergen - ANSWER -noninfectious immunogen that induces a
hypersensitivity reaction
-airborne-- pollen, fungal (mold) spores, cigarette smoke,
animal dander, cockroaches and dust mites; other-- insect
venom, drugs, food, etc.
Sensitization - ANSWER First exposure to an immunogen
(allergen) → think of as primary immune response
Type I (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity Reaction - ANSWER -Can
be mild to life-threatening
-Mechanism
--Allergen elicits an IgE antibody response
-Signals for class switching to IgE
--IL-4 or IL-13
--CD40 on B cell binding to CD40L on T cell
IgE will bind to - ANSWER mast cells and basophils
,3|Page
IgE is also known as reaginic antibody - ANSWER Genetically
determined tendency of some people to produce IgE to
innocuous substances
Mast cells and circulating basophils produce most of the
symptoms for Type I Reactions - ANSWER -IgE binds to via Fc
portion of antibody, mast cells bind to antibody through the Fc
receptors (for IgE)
-Found around blood vessels in connective tissue, lungs, uterus,
liver, kidney, spleen, heart, etc.
-Granules contain: heparin, histamine, proteases,
prostaglandins, bradykinins, leukotrienes → these chemicals are
being released outside of the cell and causes symptoms
Allergen attaches to two IgE antibodies fixed to surface of mast
cell or basophil - ANSWER When the IgE is bound to the Fc
receptor on the mast cell (see photo on slide), we say that the
mast cell is sensitized
Early phase (of Type I) - ANSWER -mast cells degranulation
occurs within seconds-- activates platelets, increases capillary
permeability (allows fluid to leak out into tissue), vasodilation
(blood vessels dilate and increases blood flow), etc.
-Chemotaxins released (bring WBCs to the area)
, 4|Page
Late phase (of Type I) - ANSWER eosinophils, PMNs,
macrophage arrive and degranulate-- second release of
mediators
Extent of allergic response (for Type I) - ANSWER -Partly
influenced by portal of entry
-Localized (atopic)
--Rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, and food allergies
--Increase in respiratory allergies
--Celiac disease, gluten
--> Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody, IgA
Allergic reactions in the skin - ANSWER -Can be due to foods,
medication, or insect bites
-Urticaria (hives) - can be idiopathic (unknown cause)
-Angioedema- swelling occurs due to mast cells degranulation
in deeper tissues
-Atopic eczema- see as a red rash, itchy, often found in younger
children
MMSC 415 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
UPDATED!!!
Four types of hypersensitivity reactions: - ANSWER - Type I-III
are due to antibodies and are called immediate hypersensitivity
reactions
-Type IV is an over-reactive CMI response and can be called
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immunodeficiencies - ANSWER when the immune system is
weakened leaving the individual prone to infections
Autoimmune disorders - ANSWER when the immune system
does not recognize a self antigen and attacks self cells
Immunoproliferative diseases - ANSWER where cells of the
immune system become cancerous
Hypersensitvity - ANSWER -heightened or inappropriate
immune response that causes tissue damage in host
--Immediate: antibody-mediated (types I-III)
,2|Page
Immediate, within seconds of second contact with allergen
--Delayed (48-72 hrs): cell-mediated (type IV)
Allergen - ANSWER -noninfectious immunogen that induces a
hypersensitivity reaction
-airborne-- pollen, fungal (mold) spores, cigarette smoke,
animal dander, cockroaches and dust mites; other-- insect
venom, drugs, food, etc.
Sensitization - ANSWER First exposure to an immunogen
(allergen) → think of as primary immune response
Type I (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity Reaction - ANSWER -Can
be mild to life-threatening
-Mechanism
--Allergen elicits an IgE antibody response
-Signals for class switching to IgE
--IL-4 or IL-13
--CD40 on B cell binding to CD40L on T cell
IgE will bind to - ANSWER mast cells and basophils
,3|Page
IgE is also known as reaginic antibody - ANSWER Genetically
determined tendency of some people to produce IgE to
innocuous substances
Mast cells and circulating basophils produce most of the
symptoms for Type I Reactions - ANSWER -IgE binds to via Fc
portion of antibody, mast cells bind to antibody through the Fc
receptors (for IgE)
-Found around blood vessels in connective tissue, lungs, uterus,
liver, kidney, spleen, heart, etc.
-Granules contain: heparin, histamine, proteases,
prostaglandins, bradykinins, leukotrienes → these chemicals are
being released outside of the cell and causes symptoms
Allergen attaches to two IgE antibodies fixed to surface of mast
cell or basophil - ANSWER When the IgE is bound to the Fc
receptor on the mast cell (see photo on slide), we say that the
mast cell is sensitized
Early phase (of Type I) - ANSWER -mast cells degranulation
occurs within seconds-- activates platelets, increases capillary
permeability (allows fluid to leak out into tissue), vasodilation
(blood vessels dilate and increases blood flow), etc.
-Chemotaxins released (bring WBCs to the area)
, 4|Page
Late phase (of Type I) - ANSWER eosinophils, PMNs,
macrophage arrive and degranulate-- second release of
mediators
Extent of allergic response (for Type I) - ANSWER -Partly
influenced by portal of entry
-Localized (atopic)
--Rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, and food allergies
--Increase in respiratory allergies
--Celiac disease, gluten
--> Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody, IgA
Allergic reactions in the skin - ANSWER -Can be due to foods,
medication, or insect bites
-Urticaria (hives) - can be idiopathic (unknown cause)
-Angioedema- swelling occurs due to mast cells degranulation
in deeper tissues
-Atopic eczema- see as a red rash, itchy, often found in younger
children
